跟读练习: KS3 Chemistry - The periodic Table - 通过视频学习英语口语
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In this video we're going to learn about the periodic table.
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So we'll cover what the periodic table tells us about the structure of atoms in different elements, how the table organises elements into metals and non-metals,
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what groups and periods are, and then also how patterns in reactions can be predicted using the periodic table.
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Let's begin by looking at what the periodic table tells us about different elements.
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Now the periodic table organises all of the known elements, and everything in the universe is created from different combinations of the elements in this table.
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Each element is shown in a separate box, so for instance this box shows copper and this one shows oxygen.
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If we use sodium as an example, we can see that every box contains three pieces of key information.
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Firstly we can see the one or two letter symbol for each element, in this case it's Na which stands for sodium.
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Next we can also see the number of protons each atom of that element has.
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Then lastly we can see this larger number here
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which tells us the total number of protons plus neutrons in an atom of that element.
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So now let's move on to see how the periodic table organises elements.
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Just like a book the periodic table is read from left to right and from top to bottom, with the elements arranged in order of an increasing number of protons.
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Sometimes you might see a zigzag line running along here, and this line separates the metals, shown here in orange, from the non-netals here on the right, shown in blue.
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Now the table's organised into vertical columns called groups and horizontal rows called periods.
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So starting on the far left, we have group 1, then groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
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And then at the end, rather than group 8, it goes to group 0.
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Group 1 elements are known as the alkali metals, whilst group 7 are the halogens, and group 0 are the noble gases.
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This block in the middle here are all metals, but you don't need to worry about their group numbers, so just remember to skip them when you're counting your groups.
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Then to finish up, let's take a look at how patterns in reactions can be predicted using the periodic table.
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The first thing to know is that the elements within a group usually all have similar chemical properties.
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As an example, all the elements in group 1 here react strongly with water, and they're all soft and shiny.
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Meanwhile, all the elements in group 0 are really unreactive, which basically means that they're very unlikely to react with anything else.
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There are also patterns within groups though.
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In the case of group 1, they become more reactive as you go down the group.
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What this means is that even though all the elements are reactive, the elements lower down in group 1 react much more strongly than those higher up in the group.
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For instance, when lithium reacts with water it just fizzes a bit, but when rubidium reacts with water it explodes violently.
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On the other hand, if we look at group 7, the elements become less reactive as you go down the group.
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So fluorine is the most reactive while astartine is the least reactive.
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If you haven't heard yet you can find all of our videos on our website cognito.org.
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You'll also find questions, flashcards, exam style questions and past papers.
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And we track all of your progress so that you always know what to study next.
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sign up for free by clicking here or browse our playlist here on YouTube.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“KS3 Chemistry - The periodic Table”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：element, table, periodic, reactive, metals。 这段视频共有 33 个句子、599 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 3:42。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 162 个词，接近日常对话。 84% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| periodic 形容词 | /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪk/ | 週期的 /周期的 |
| proton 名词 | /ˈpɹoʊ.tɑn/ | 質子 /质子 |
| atom 名词 | /ˈætəm/ | 原子 |
| sodium 名词 | /ˈsəʊ.di.əm/ | 鈉 /钠 |
| predict 动词 | /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ | 預言 /预言 |
| alkali 名词 | /ˈæl.kəˌlaɪ/ | 鹼 /碱 |
| flashcard 名词 | /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/ | 抽認卡 /抽认卡, 閃卡 /闪卡 |
| fluorine 名词 | /ˈflʊ(ə)ɹˌin | 氟 |
| halogen 名词 | /ˈhæl.ə.d͡ʒən/ | 鹵素 /卤素, 鹵族 /卤族 |
| neutron 名词 | /ˈnu.tɹɑn/ | 中子 |
| rubidium 名词 | /ˌɹuːˈbɪd.i.əm/ | 銣 /铷 |
| zigzag 名词 | /ˈzɪɡ.zæɡ/ | 之字形, Z字形 |
| lithium 名词 | /ˈlɪθi.əm/ | 鋰 /锂 |
| browse 动词 | /bɹaʊz/ | 隨便看 /随便看, 閒逛 /闲逛 |
| playlist 名词 | /ˈpleɪˌlɪst/ | 播放列表, 歌單 /歌单 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| go down 动词 | 下降, 下去 |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 8 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 they're, don't, haven't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: flashcard /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: periodic /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪk/, rubidium /ˌɹuːˈbɪd.i.əm/, violently /ˈvaɪ(ə)ləntli/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/, horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 periodic, proton, atom 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。