跟读练习: Parts of a Microscope & How to Use a Microscope - 通过视频学习英语口语
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in this video we're going to learn about microscopy which just means the use of microscopes
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so we'll cover what a microscope is what the terms object image and magnification mean
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the different parts of a light microscope and finally how to use a light microscope To start off,
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we need to know what a microscope is.
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So a microscope is a tool that we use in science to make things look much larger than they actually are, and so help us see tiny details.
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For example, we often use microscopes in biology to look at cells, which we can't see with the naked eye, but can see with a microscope.
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before we go any further we need to introduce the terms object
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and image in microscopy the term object refers to the real object
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or the sample that you're looking at so
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if we had some onion cells on our microscope slide then these cells themselves would be the object
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the term image on the other hand refers to the image that we see when we look down the microscope
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for example if we were to look down this microscope we might see something like this
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so this would be our image whereas the object is the actual onion cells on the microscope slide
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that we're looking at this brings us nicely to the next term you need to know magnification
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which we can define as how many times larger the image is than the object
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So if the image appeared 1 ,000 times larger than the object, then the magnification would be times 1 ,000.
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Next, let's move on to look at the different parts of a light microscope.
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Supporting the whole thing is the base at the bottom, and then the arm that connects the bottom to the top.
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Then we have some kind of light source, which on some microscopes would be a lamp, But in this case, it's just a mirror reflecting the light from the room.
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And just above it is the stage, which is where we put our microscope slide.
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Then in the top half, we have all of our lenses.
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So we normally have three objective lenses, which we can choose between, and each have different magnifications.
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And then also an eyepiece lens, which has a fixed magnification.
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And sits just below where we look into the microscope.
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Then the last things to notice are the body tube here
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and the coarse and fine focusing knobs which we can turn to help us get the image in focus.
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The last thing we need to cover are the main steps of how to use a light microscope.
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First, we need to set up the microscope near a window
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or a lamp to make sure there's enough light and angle the mirror to direct the light upwards.
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This will reflect the light up through the hole in the stage.
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We then need to take our specimen
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which is the scientific word for whatever it is you'll be looking at
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and place it on a thin glass plate called a slide.
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Next we take our slide with the specimen on, place it onto the stage and secure it.
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This means we put it just here so the light reflected shines through the specimen and up through the microscope.
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Now that our slide is in place, we can look through the eyepiece lens and adjust the focus.
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So first we turn the coarse focus knob to get a rough image
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and then we can turn the fine focus knob to fine
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-tune it until we have a clear magnified view of our
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specimen finally this part here where the objective lenses are can
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rotate to switch to an objective lens with a higher magnification
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then you can adjust the focus again to bring the specimen back into clear view
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if you haven't heard yet you can find all of our videos on our website cognito .org You'll also find questions,
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flashcards, exam -style questions, and past papers.
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And we track all of your progress so that you always know what to study next.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 46 个句子、698 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 4:40。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 149 个词，很适合跟读。 84% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| microscope 名词 | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ | 顯微鏡 /显微镜 |
| slide 名词 | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | 滑梯 |
| lens 名词 | /lɛnz/ | 透鏡 /透镜, 鏡片 /镜片 |
| specimen 名词 | /ˈspɛsɪmɪn/ | 樣本 /样本 |
| reflect 动词 | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | 反映, 反射 |
| objective 名词 | /ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ | 目標 /目标, 目的 |
| mirror 名词 | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | җинзы, 鏡 /镜 |
| refer 动词 | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | 談到 /谈到 |
| adjust 动词 | /əˈd͡ʒʌst/ | 調整 /调整 |
| lamp 名词 | /ˈlæ̝mp/ | 燈 /灯, 電燈 /电灯 |
| onion 名词 | /ˈʌn.jən/ | цун, пиязы |
| thin 形容词 | /ˈθɪn/ | бә, 薄 |
| naked 形容词 | /ˈneɪkɪd/ | 赤裸, 裸 |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | 然而 |
| angle 名词 | /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/ | 角, 角度 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | stage, which is · lens, which has |
| 比较级 -er than / more … than — 比较两个事物 | larger than |
| 义务：must / have to / need to 表示某事是必要的 | need to know · need to introduce · need to set |
| “will” 表将来 will + 动词 — 决定、承诺或预测 | we'll cover · will reflect · you'll be |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 8 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 we're, you'll, can't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, shine /ʃaɪn/, magnification /ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, flashcard /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, magnification /ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, microscopy /maɪˈkɹɑ.skə.pi/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 microscope, slide, lens 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。