Shadowing Practice: Parts of a Microscope & How to Use a Microscope - Learn English Speaking with Video
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in this video we're going to learn about microscopy which just means the use of microscopes
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so we'll cover what a microscope is what the terms object image and magnification mean
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the different parts of a light microscope and finally how to use a light microscope To start off,
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we need to know what a microscope is.
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So a microscope is a tool that we use in science to make things look much larger than they actually are, and so help us see tiny details.
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For example, we often use microscopes in biology to look at cells, which we can't see with the naked eye, but can see with a microscope.
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before we go any further we need to introduce the terms object
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and image in microscopy the term object refers to the real object
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or the sample that you're looking at so
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if we had some onion cells on our microscope slide then these cells themselves would be the object
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the term image on the other hand refers to the image that we see when we look down the microscope
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for example if we were to look down this microscope we might see something like this
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so this would be our image whereas the object is the actual onion cells on the microscope slide
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that we're looking at this brings us nicely to the next term you need to know magnification
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which we can define as how many times larger the image is than the object
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So if the image appeared 1 ,000 times larger than the object, then the magnification would be times 1 ,000.
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Next, let's move on to look at the different parts of a light microscope.
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Supporting the whole thing is the base at the bottom, and then the arm that connects the bottom to the top.
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Then we have some kind of light source, which on some microscopes would be a lamp, But in this case, it's just a mirror reflecting the light from the room.
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And just above it is the stage, which is where we put our microscope slide.
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Then in the top half, we have all of our lenses.
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So we normally have three objective lenses, which we can choose between, and each have different magnifications.
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And then also an eyepiece lens, which has a fixed magnification.
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And sits just below where we look into the microscope.
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Then the last things to notice are the body tube here
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and the coarse and fine focusing knobs which we can turn to help us get the image in focus.
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The last thing we need to cover are the main steps of how to use a light microscope.
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First, we need to set up the microscope near a window
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or a lamp to make sure there's enough light and angle the mirror to direct the light upwards.
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This will reflect the light up through the hole in the stage.
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We then need to take our specimen
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which is the scientific word for whatever it is you'll be looking at
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and place it on a thin glass plate called a slide.
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Next we take our slide with the specimen on, place it onto the stage and secure it.
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This means we put it just here so the light reflected shines through the specimen and up through the microscope.
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Now that our slide is in place, we can look through the eyepiece lens and adjust the focus.
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So first we turn the coarse focus knob to get a rough image
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and then we can turn the fine focus knob to fine
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-tune it until we have a clear magnified view of our
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specimen finally this part here where the objective lenses are can
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rotate to switch to an objective lens with a higher magnification
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then you can adjust the focus again to bring the specimen back into clear view
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if you haven't heard yet you can find all of our videos on our website cognito .org You'll also find questions,
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flashcards, exam -style questions, and past papers.
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And we track all of your progress so that you always know what to study next.
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So sign up for free by clicking here or browse our playlist here on YouTube.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Este vídeo tiene 46 frases y 698 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 4:40. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 149 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 84 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| microscope sustantivo | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ | microscopio |
| slide sustantivo | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | tobogán, resbaladilla |
| lens sustantivo | /lɛnz/ | lente, luneta |
| specimen sustantivo | /ˈspɛsɪmɪn/ | espécimen |
| reflect verbo | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | reflejar, reflectar |
| objective sustantivo | /ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ | objetivo |
| mirror sustantivo | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | espejo |
| refer verbo | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | referir, remitir |
| adjust verbo | /əˈd͡ʒʌst/ | ajustar, arreglar |
| lamp sustantivo | /ˈlæ̝mp/ | lámpara |
| onion sustantivo | /ˈʌn.jən/ | cebolla |
| naked adjetivo | /ˈneɪkɪd/ | desnudo, en cueros |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | mientras que (locution) |
| angle sustantivo | /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/ | ángulo |
| connect verbo | /kəˈnɛkt/ | conectar, empalmar |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| light up verbo | iluminar |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | stage, which is · lens, which has |
| Comparativos -er than / more … than — comparar dos cosas | larger than |
| Obligación: must / have to / need to decir que algo es necesario | need to know · need to introduce · need to cover |
| Futuro con “will” will + verbo — una decisión, una promesa o una predicción | we'll cover · will reflect · you'll be |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 8 contracciones y formas reducidas, como we're, you'll, can't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, shine /ʃaɪn/, magnification /ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, flashcard /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, magnification /ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, microscopy /maɪˈkɹɑ.skə.pi/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como microscope, slide, lens.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.