シャドーイング練習: Parts of a Microscope & How to Use a Microscope - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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46 文
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in this video we're going to learn about microscopy which just means the use of microscopes
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so we'll cover what a microscope is what the terms object image and magnification mean
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the different parts of a light microscope and finally how to use a light microscope To start off,
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we need to know what a microscope is.
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So a microscope is a tool that we use in science to make things look much larger than they actually are, and so help us see tiny details.
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For example, we often use microscopes in biology to look at cells, which we can't see with the naked eye, but can see with a microscope.
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before we go any further we need to introduce the terms object
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and image in microscopy the term object refers to the real object
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or the sample that you're looking at so
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if we had some onion cells on our microscope slide then these cells themselves would be the object
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the term image on the other hand refers to the image that we see when we look down the microscope
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for example if we were to look down this microscope we might see something like this
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so this would be our image whereas the object is the actual onion cells on the microscope slide
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that we're looking at this brings us nicely to the next term you need to know magnification
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which we can define as how many times larger the image is than the object
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So if the image appeared 1 ,000 times larger than the object, then the magnification would be times 1 ,000.
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Next, let's move on to look at the different parts of a light microscope.
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Supporting the whole thing is the base at the bottom, and then the arm that connects the bottom to the top.
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Then we have some kind of light source, which on some microscopes would be a lamp, But in this case, it's just a mirror reflecting the light from the room.
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And just above it is the stage, which is where we put our microscope slide.
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Then in the top half, we have all of our lenses.
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So we normally have three objective lenses, which we can choose between, and each have different magnifications.
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And then also an eyepiece lens, which has a fixed magnification.
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And sits just below where we look into the microscope.
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Then the last things to notice are the body tube here
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and the coarse and fine focusing knobs which we can turn to help us get the image in focus.
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The last thing we need to cover are the main steps of how to use a light microscope.
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First, we need to set up the microscope near a window
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or a lamp to make sure there's enough light and angle the mirror to direct the light upwards.
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This will reflect the light up through the hole in the stage.
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We then need to take our specimen
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which is the scientific word for whatever it is you'll be looking at
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and place it on a thin glass plate called a slide.
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Next we take our slide with the specimen on, place it onto the stage and secure it.
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This means we put it just here so the light reflected shines through the specimen and up through the microscope.
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Now that our slide is in place, we can look through the eyepiece lens and adjust the focus.
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So first we turn the coarse focus knob to get a rough image
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and then we can turn the fine focus knob to fine
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-tune it until we have a clear magnified view of our
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specimen finally this part here where the objective lenses are can
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rotate to switch to an objective lens with a higher magnification
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then you can adjust the focus again to bring the specimen back into clear view
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if you haven't heard yet you can find all of our videos on our website cognito .org You'll also find questions,
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flashcards, exam -style questions, and past papers.
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And we track all of your progress so that you always know what to study next.
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So sign up for free by clicking here or browse our playlist here on YouTube.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が46文、単語が698語あります。 音声の長さは4:40です。 話す速さは1分あたり約149語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の84%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| microscope 名詞 | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ | 顕微鏡, マイクロスコープ |
| slide 名詞 | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | 滑り台 |
| lens 名詞 | /lɛnz/ | レンズ |
| specimen 名詞 | /ˈspɛsɪmɪn/ | 見本 |
| reflect 動詞 | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | 跳ね返す, 反射する |
| objective 名詞 | /ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ | 目標, 目的 |
| mirror 名詞 | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | 鏡, 姿見 |
| refer 動詞 | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | 問い合わせる |
| adjust 動詞 | /əˈd͡ʒʌst/ | 調整する |
| lamp 名詞 | /ˈlæ̝mp/ | ランプ, 明かり |
| onion 名詞 | /ˈʌn.jən/ | 玉葱 |
| thin 形容詞 | /ˈθɪn/ | 薄い, 細い |
| naked 形容詞 | /ˈneɪkɪd/ | 裸 |
| angle 名詞 | /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/ | 角度 |
| connect 動詞 | /kəˈnɛkt/ | 繋げる |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | stage, which is · lens, which has |
| 比較級 -er than / more … than — 二つのものを比べる | larger than |
| 義務：must / have to / need to 何かが必要であることを伝える | need to know · need to introduce · need to cover |
| 「will」の未来表現 will + 動詞 — その場の決定、約束、予測 | we'll cover · will reflect · you'll be |
注意したい発音
話し手はwe're, you'll, can'tなど、短縮形や弱形を8回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, shine /ʃaɪn/, magnification /ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, flashcard /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, magnification /ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, microscopy /maɪˈkɹɑ.skə.pi/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。microscope, slide, lensなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。