تدريب Shadowing: Parts of a Microscope & How to Use a Microscope - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
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كل وضع يفتح غرفة تدريب بملء الشاشة.
46 جمل
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in this video we're going to learn about microscopy which just means the use of microscopes
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so we'll cover what a microscope is what the terms object image and magnification mean
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the different parts of a light microscope and finally how to use a light microscope To start off,
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we need to know what a microscope is.
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So a microscope is a tool that we use in science to make things look much larger than they actually are, and so help us see tiny details.
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For example, we often use microscopes in biology to look at cells, which we can't see with the naked eye, but can see with a microscope.
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before we go any further we need to introduce the terms object
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and image in microscopy the term object refers to the real object
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or the sample that you're looking at so
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if we had some onion cells on our microscope slide then these cells themselves would be the object
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the term image on the other hand refers to the image that we see when we look down the microscope
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for example if we were to look down this microscope we might see something like this
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so this would be our image whereas the object is the actual onion cells on the microscope slide
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that we're looking at this brings us nicely to the next term you need to know magnification
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which we can define as how many times larger the image is than the object
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So if the image appeared 1 ,000 times larger than the object, then the magnification would be times 1 ,000.
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Next, let's move on to look at the different parts of a light microscope.
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Supporting the whole thing is the base at the bottom, and then the arm that connects the bottom to the top.
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Then we have some kind of light source, which on some microscopes would be a lamp, But in this case, it's just a mirror reflecting the light from the room.
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And just above it is the stage, which is where we put our microscope slide.
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Then in the top half, we have all of our lenses.
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So we normally have three objective lenses, which we can choose between, and each have different magnifications.
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And then also an eyepiece lens, which has a fixed magnification.
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And sits just below where we look into the microscope.
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Then the last things to notice are the body tube here
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and the coarse and fine focusing knobs which we can turn to help us get the image in focus.
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The last thing we need to cover are the main steps of how to use a light microscope.
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First, we need to set up the microscope near a window
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or a lamp to make sure there's enough light and angle the mirror to direct the light upwards.
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This will reflect the light up through the hole in the stage.
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We then need to take our specimen
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which is the scientific word for whatever it is you'll be looking at
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and place it on a thin glass plate called a slide.
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Next we take our slide with the specimen on, place it onto the stage and secure it.
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This means we put it just here so the light reflected shines through the specimen and up through the microscope.
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Now that our slide is in place, we can look through the eyepiece lens and adjust the focus.
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So first we turn the coarse focus knob to get a rough image
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and then we can turn the fine focus knob to fine
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-tune it until we have a clear magnified view of our
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specimen finally this part here where the objective lenses are can
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rotate to switch to an objective lens with a higher magnification
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then you can adjust the focus again to bring the specimen back into clear view
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if you haven't heard yet you can find all of our videos on our website cognito .org You'll also find questions,
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flashcards, exam -style questions, and past papers.
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And we track all of your progress so that you always know what to study next.
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So sign up for free by clicking here or browse our playlist here on YouTube.
تنزيل التطبيق
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المفرداتابنِ رصيدك من الكلمات
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 46 جملة و698 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 4:40. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 149 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 84% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| microscope اسم | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ | مِجْهَر |
| slide اسم | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | زَحْلِيقَة, مَزْلَقَة |
| lens اسم | /lɛnz/ | عَدَسَة |
| reflect فعل | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | عَكَسَ |
| objective اسم | /ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ | هَدَف, مَقْصَد |
| mirror اسم | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | مِرْآة, مراية |
| refer فعل | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | أَشَارَ |
| lamp اسم | /ˈlæ̝mp/ | مِصْبَاح, لَمْبَة |
| onion اسم | /ˈʌn.jən/ | بَصَل, بصل |
| thin صفة | /ˈθɪn/ | رَفِيع, رَقِيق |
| naked صفة | /ˈneɪkɪd/ | عُرْيَان, عَارٍ |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | عِنْدَمَا |
| angle اسم | /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/ | زَاوِيَة |
| connect فعل | /kəˈnɛkt/ | رَبَطَ |
| introduce فعل | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | قَدَّمَ |
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | stage, which is · lens, which has |
| صيغة المقارنة -er than / more … than — المقارنة بين شيئين | larger than |
| الوجوب: must / have to / need to قول إن أمرًا ما ضروري | need to know · need to introduce · need to cover |
| المستقبل بـ “will” will + فعل — قرار أو وعد أو توقع | we'll cover · will reflect · you'll be |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 8 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل we're, you'll, can't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, shine /ʃaɪn/, magnification /ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, flashcard /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, magnification /ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, microscopy /maɪˈkɹɑ.skə.pi/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل microscope, slide, lens.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.