Shadowing-Übung: Parts of a Microscope & How to Use a Microscope - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit Video
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in this video we're going to learn about microscopy which just means the use of microscopes
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so we'll cover what a microscope is what the terms object image and magnification mean
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the different parts of a light microscope and finally how to use a light microscope To start off,
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we need to know what a microscope is.
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So a microscope is a tool that we use in science to make things look much larger than they actually are, and so help us see tiny details.
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For example, we often use microscopes in biology to look at cells, which we can't see with the naked eye, but can see with a microscope.
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before we go any further we need to introduce the terms object
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and image in microscopy the term object refers to the real object
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or the sample that you're looking at so
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if we had some onion cells on our microscope slide then these cells themselves would be the object
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the term image on the other hand refers to the image that we see when we look down the microscope
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for example if we were to look down this microscope we might see something like this
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so this would be our image whereas the object is the actual onion cells on the microscope slide
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that we're looking at this brings us nicely to the next term you need to know magnification
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which we can define as how many times larger the image is than the object
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So if the image appeared 1 ,000 times larger than the object, then the magnification would be times 1 ,000.
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Next, let's move on to look at the different parts of a light microscope.
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Supporting the whole thing is the base at the bottom, and then the arm that connects the bottom to the top.
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Then we have some kind of light source, which on some microscopes would be a lamp, But in this case, it's just a mirror reflecting the light from the room.
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And just above it is the stage, which is where we put our microscope slide.
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Then in the top half, we have all of our lenses.
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So we normally have three objective lenses, which we can choose between, and each have different magnifications.
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And then also an eyepiece lens, which has a fixed magnification.
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And sits just below where we look into the microscope.
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Then the last things to notice are the body tube here
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and the coarse and fine focusing knobs which we can turn to help us get the image in focus.
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The last thing we need to cover are the main steps of how to use a light microscope.
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First, we need to set up the microscope near a window
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or a lamp to make sure there's enough light and angle the mirror to direct the light upwards.
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This will reflect the light up through the hole in the stage.
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We then need to take our specimen
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which is the scientific word for whatever it is you'll be looking at
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and place it on a thin glass plate called a slide.
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Next we take our slide with the specimen on, place it onto the stage and secure it.
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This means we put it just here so the light reflected shines through the specimen and up through the microscope.
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Now that our slide is in place, we can look through the eyepiece lens and adjust the focus.
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So first we turn the coarse focus knob to get a rough image
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and then we can turn the fine focus knob to fine
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-tune it until we have a clear magnified view of our
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specimen finally this part here where the objective lenses are can
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rotate to switch to an objective lens with a higher magnification
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then you can adjust the focus again to bring the specimen back into clear view
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if you haven't heard yet you can find all of our videos on our website cognito .org You'll also find questions,
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flashcards, exam -style questions, and past papers.
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And we track all of your progress so that you always know what to study next.
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So sign up for free by clicking here or browse our playlist here on YouTube.
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Wortschatz und Sprechhinweise zu dieser Lektion
Dieses Video enthält 46 Sätze und 698 Wörter zum Nachsprechen. Der gesprochene Teil dauert 4:40. Der Sprecher spricht gleichmäßig mit etwa 149 Wörtern pro Minute – ein angenehmes Tempo fürs Shadowing. 84 % der Wörter gehören zu den 3.000 häufigsten im Englischen; den Rest solltest du dir vor dem Üben ansehen.
Wichtiger Wortschatz in diesem Video
15 lernenswerte Wörter aus dem Video, mit Aussprache und Bedeutung:
| Wort | Aussprache | Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|
| microscope Substantiv | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ | Mikroskop |
| slide Substantiv | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | Rutsche, Rutschbahn |
| lens Substantiv | /lɛnz/ | Linse |
| specimen Substantiv | /ˈspɛsɪmɪn/ | Exemplar, Muster |
| reflect Verb | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | reflektieren, zurückspiegeln |
| objective Substantiv | /ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ | Gegenstand, Objekt |
| mirror Substantiv | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | Spiegel |
| refer Verb | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | verweisen |
| adjust Verb | /əˈd͡ʒʌst/ | anpassen, abstimmen |
| lamp Substantiv | /ˈlæ̝mp/ | Lampe |
| onion Substantiv | /ˈʌn.jən/ | Zwiebel, Bölle |
| thin Adjektiv | /ˈθɪn/ | dünn, tünn |
| naked Adjektiv | /ˈneɪkɪd/ | nackt |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | wohingegen, wogegen |
| angle Substantiv | /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/ | Winkel |
Phrasal Verbs, die du hören wirst
| Wort | Aussprache | Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|
| light up Verb | erhellen, erleuchten | |
| set up Verb | /ˌsɛt ˈʌp/ | aufbauen, für den Einsatz vorbereiten |
Grammatik in diesem Video
Die Strukturen, die der Sprecher am häufigsten verwendet, mit den genauen Worten aus dem Video:
| Struktur | Im Video |
|---|---|
| Relativsätze who / which + Satz – eine Zusatzinformation über eine Person oder Sache | stage, which is · lens, which has |
| Komparativ -er than / more … than – zwei Dinge vergleichen | larger than |
| Verpflichtung: must / have to / need to sagen, dass etwas notwendig ist | need to know · need to introduce · need to cover |
| Zukunft mit „will“ will + Verb – eine Entscheidung, ein Versprechen oder eine Vorhersage | we'll cover · will reflect · you'll be |
Aussprache, auf die du achten solltest
Der Sprecher verwendet 8 Kurzformen und abgeschwächte Formen, zum Beispiel we're, you'll, can't. Sprich sie in der kurzen Form, so wie du sie hörst.
- Die Laute „sh“ und „zh“: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, shine /ʃaɪn/, magnification /ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, flashcard /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/
- Lange Wörter – auf die Betonung achten: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, magnification /ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, microscopy /maɪˈkɹɑ.skə.pi/
So übst du mit diesem Video
- Höre dir das ganze Video einmal an, ohne zu sprechen, und notiere die Wörter, die du nicht kennst.
- Sprich Satz für Satz in normaler Geschwindigkeit nach und wiederhole jeden, bis dein Rhythmus zum Sprecher passt.
- Nimm dich auf und vergleiche mit dem Original; achte dabei auf Wörter wie microscope, slide, lens.
Was ist die Shadowing-Technik?
Shadowing ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Sprachlerntechnik, die ursprünglich für die professionelle Dolmetscherausbildung entwickelt und durch den Polyglotten Dr. Alexander Arguelles populär gemacht wurde. Die Methode ist einfach aber wirkungsvoll: Du hörst englisches Audio von Muttersprachlern und wiederholst es sofort laut — wie ein Schatten, der dem Sprecher mit nur 1–2 Sekunden Verzögerung folgt. Anders als passives Hören oder Grammatikübungen zwingt Shadowing dein Gehirn und deine Mundmuskulatur, gleichzeitig echte Sprachmuster zu verarbeiten und zu reproduzieren. Studien zeigen, dass es Aussprachegenauigkeit, Intonation, Rhythmus, verbundene Sprache, Hörverständnis und Sprechflüssigkeit signifikant verbessert — was es zu einer der effektivsten Methoden für die IELTS Speaking-Vorbereitung und reale englische Kommunikation macht.