Prática de Shadowing: Parts of a Microscope & How to Use a Microscope - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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in this video we're going to learn about microscopy which just means the use of microscopes
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so we'll cover what a microscope is what the terms object image and magnification mean
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the different parts of a light microscope and finally how to use a light microscope To start off,
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we need to know what a microscope is.
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So a microscope is a tool that we use in science to make things look much larger than they actually are, and so help us see tiny details.
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For example, we often use microscopes in biology to look at cells, which we can't see with the naked eye, but can see with a microscope.
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before we go any further we need to introduce the terms object
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and image in microscopy the term object refers to the real object
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or the sample that you're looking at so
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if we had some onion cells on our microscope slide then these cells themselves would be the object
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the term image on the other hand refers to the image that we see when we look down the microscope
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for example if we were to look down this microscope we might see something like this
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so this would be our image whereas the object is the actual onion cells on the microscope slide
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that we're looking at this brings us nicely to the next term you need to know magnification
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which we can define as how many times larger the image is than the object
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So if the image appeared 1 ,000 times larger than the object, then the magnification would be times 1 ,000.
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Next, let's move on to look at the different parts of a light microscope.
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Supporting the whole thing is the base at the bottom, and then the arm that connects the bottom to the top.
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Then we have some kind of light source, which on some microscopes would be a lamp, But in this case, it's just a mirror reflecting the light from the room.
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And just above it is the stage, which is where we put our microscope slide.
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Then in the top half, we have all of our lenses.
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So we normally have three objective lenses, which we can choose between, and each have different magnifications.
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And then also an eyepiece lens, which has a fixed magnification.
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And sits just below where we look into the microscope.
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Then the last things to notice are the body tube here
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and the coarse and fine focusing knobs which we can turn to help us get the image in focus.
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The last thing we need to cover are the main steps of how to use a light microscope.
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First, we need to set up the microscope near a window
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or a lamp to make sure there's enough light and angle the mirror to direct the light upwards.
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This will reflect the light up through the hole in the stage.
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We then need to take our specimen
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which is the scientific word for whatever it is you'll be looking at
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and place it on a thin glass plate called a slide.
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Next we take our slide with the specimen on, place it onto the stage and secure it.
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This means we put it just here so the light reflected shines through the specimen and up through the microscope.
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Now that our slide is in place, we can look through the eyepiece lens and adjust the focus.
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So first we turn the coarse focus knob to get a rough image
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and then we can turn the fine focus knob to fine
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-tune it until we have a clear magnified view of our
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specimen finally this part here where the objective lenses are can
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rotate to switch to an objective lens with a higher magnification
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then you can adjust the focus again to bring the specimen back into clear view
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if you haven't heard yet you can find all of our videos on our website cognito .org You'll also find questions,
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flashcards, exam -style questions, and past papers.
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And we track all of your progress so that you always know what to study next.
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So sign up for free by clicking here or browse our playlist here on YouTube.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 46 frases e 698 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:40. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 149 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. 84% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| microscope substantivo | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ | microscópio |
| slide substantivo | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | escorrega, escorregador |
| lens substantivo | /lɛnz/ | lente |
| specimen substantivo | /ˈspɛsɪmɪn/ | espécime, exemplar |
| reflect verbo | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | refletir |
| objective substantivo | /ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ | objetivo |
| mirror substantivo | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | espelho |
| refer verbo | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | encaminhar |
| adjust verbo | /əˈd͡ʒʌst/ | ajustar |
| lamp substantivo | /ˈlæ̝mp/ | luminária, lâmpada |
| onion substantivo | /ˈʌn.jən/ | cebola |
| thin adjetivo | /ˈθɪn/ | fino |
| naked adjetivo | /ˈneɪkɪd/ | nu, pelado |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | enquanto, ao passo que |
| angle substantivo | /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/ | ângulo |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| set up verbo | /ˌsɛt ˈʌp/ | preparar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | stage, which is · lens, which has |
| Comparativos -er than / more … than — comparar duas coisas | larger than |
| Obrigação: must / have to / need to dizer que algo é necessário | need to know · need to introduce · need to cover |
| Futuro com “will” will + verbo — uma decisão, promessa ou previsão | we'll cover · will reflect · you'll be |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 8 contrações e formas reduzidas, como we're, you'll, can't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, shine /ʃaɪn/, magnification /ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, flashcard /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, magnification /ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, microscopy /maɪˈkɹɑ.skə.pi/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como microscope, slide, lens.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.