跟讀練習: Parts of a Microscope & How to Use a Microscope - 通過影片學習英語口語
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46 句
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in this video we're going to learn about microscopy which just means the use of microscopes
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so we'll cover what a microscope is what the terms object image and magnification mean
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the different parts of a light microscope and finally how to use a light microscope To start off,
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we need to know what a microscope is.
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So a microscope is a tool that we use in science to make things look much larger than they actually are, and so help us see tiny details.
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For example, we often use microscopes in biology to look at cells, which we can't see with the naked eye, but can see with a microscope.
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before we go any further we need to introduce the terms object
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and image in microscopy the term object refers to the real object
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or the sample that you're looking at so
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if we had some onion cells on our microscope slide then these cells themselves would be the object
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the term image on the other hand refers to the image that we see when we look down the microscope
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for example if we were to look down this microscope we might see something like this
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so this would be our image whereas the object is the actual onion cells on the microscope slide
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that we're looking at this brings us nicely to the next term you need to know magnification
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which we can define as how many times larger the image is than the object
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So if the image appeared 1 ,000 times larger than the object, then the magnification would be times 1 ,000.
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Next, let's move on to look at the different parts of a light microscope.
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Supporting the whole thing is the base at the bottom, and then the arm that connects the bottom to the top.
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Then we have some kind of light source, which on some microscopes would be a lamp, But in this case, it's just a mirror reflecting the light from the room.
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And just above it is the stage, which is where we put our microscope slide.
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Then in the top half, we have all of our lenses.
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So we normally have three objective lenses, which we can choose between, and each have different magnifications.
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And then also an eyepiece lens, which has a fixed magnification.
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And sits just below where we look into the microscope.
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Then the last things to notice are the body tube here
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and the coarse and fine focusing knobs which we can turn to help us get the image in focus.
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The last thing we need to cover are the main steps of how to use a light microscope.
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First, we need to set up the microscope near a window
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or a lamp to make sure there's enough light and angle the mirror to direct the light upwards.
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This will reflect the light up through the hole in the stage.
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We then need to take our specimen
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which is the scientific word for whatever it is you'll be looking at
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and place it on a thin glass plate called a slide.
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Next we take our slide with the specimen on, place it onto the stage and secure it.
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This means we put it just here so the light reflected shines through the specimen and up through the microscope.
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Now that our slide is in place, we can look through the eyepiece lens and adjust the focus.
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So first we turn the coarse focus knob to get a rough image
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and then we can turn the fine focus knob to fine
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-tune it until we have a clear magnified view of our
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specimen finally this part here where the objective lenses are can
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rotate to switch to an objective lens with a higher magnification
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then you can adjust the focus again to bring the specimen back into clear view
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if you haven't heard yet you can find all of our videos on our website cognito .org You'll also find questions,
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flashcards, exam -style questions, and past papers.
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And we track all of your progress so that you always know what to study next.
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So sign up for free by clicking here or browse our playlist here on YouTube.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這段影片共有 46 個句子、698 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 4:40。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 149 個詞，很適合跟讀。 84% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| microscope 名詞 | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ | 顯微鏡 /顯微鏡 |
| slide 名詞 | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | 滑梯 |
| lens 名詞 | /lɛnz/ | 透鏡 /透鏡, 鏡片 /鏡片 |
| specimen 名詞 | /ˈspɛsɪmɪn/ | 樣本 /樣本 |
| reflect 動詞 | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | 反映, 反射 |
| objective 名詞 | /ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ | 目標 /目標, 目的 |
| mirror 名詞 | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | җинзы, 鏡 /鏡 |
| refer 動詞 | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | 談到 /談到 |
| adjust 動詞 | /əˈd͡ʒʌst/ | 調整 /調整 |
| lamp 名詞 | /ˈlæ̝mp/ | 燈 /燈, 電燈 /電燈 |
| onion 名詞 | /ˈʌn.jən/ | цун, пиязы |
| thin 形容詞 | /ˈθɪn/ | бә, 薄 |
| naked 形容詞 | /ˈneɪkɪd/ | 赤裸, 裸 |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | 然而 |
| angle 名詞 | /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/ | 角, 角度 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | stage, which is · lens, which has |
| 比較級 -er than / more … than — 比較兩個事物 | larger than |
| 義務：must / have to / need to 表示某事是必要的 | need to know · need to introduce · need to set |
| “will” 表將來 will + 動詞 — 決定、承諾或預測 | we'll cover · will reflect · you'll be |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 8 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 we're, you'll, can't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, shine /ʃaɪn/, magnification /ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, flashcard /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, magnification /ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, microscopy /maɪˈkɹɑ.skə.pi/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 microscope, slide, lens 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。