शैडोइंग अभ्यास: KS3 Chemistry - The periodic Table - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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1
In this video we're going to learn about the periodic table.
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So we'll cover what the periodic table tells us about the structure of atoms in different elements, how the table organises elements into metals and non-metals,
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what groups and periods are, and then also how patterns in reactions can be predicted using the periodic table.
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Let's begin by looking at what the periodic table tells us about different elements.
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Now the periodic table organises all of the known elements, and everything in the universe is created from different combinations of the elements in this table.
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Each element is shown in a separate box, so for instance this box shows copper and this one shows oxygen.
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If we use sodium as an example, we can see that every box contains three pieces of key information.
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Firstly we can see the one or two letter symbol for each element, in this case it's Na which stands for sodium.
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Next we can also see the number of protons each atom of that element has.
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Then lastly we can see this larger number here
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which tells us the total number of protons plus neutrons in an atom of that element.
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So now let's move on to see how the periodic table organises elements.
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Just like a book the periodic table is read from left to right and from top to bottom, with the elements arranged in order of an increasing number of protons.
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Sometimes you might see a zigzag line running along here, and this line separates the metals, shown here in orange, from the non-netals here on the right, shown in blue.
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Now the table's organised into vertical columns called groups and horizontal rows called periods.
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So starting on the far left, we have group 1, then groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
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And then at the end, rather than group 8, it goes to group 0.
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Group 1 elements are known as the alkali metals, whilst group 7 are the halogens, and group 0 are the noble gases.
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This block in the middle here are all metals, but you don't need to worry about their group numbers, so just remember to skip them when you're counting your groups.
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Then to finish up, let's take a look at how patterns in reactions can be predicted using the periodic table.
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The first thing to know is that the elements within a group usually all have similar chemical properties.
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As an example, all the elements in group 1 here react strongly with water, and they're all soft and shiny.
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Meanwhile, all the elements in group 0 are really unreactive, which basically means that they're very unlikely to react with anything else.
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There are also patterns within groups though.
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In the case of group 1, they become more reactive as you go down the group.
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What this means is that even though all the elements are reactive, the elements lower down in group 1 react much more strongly than those higher up in the group.
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For instance, when lithium reacts with water it just fizzes a bit, but when rubidium reacts with water it explodes violently.
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On the other hand, if we look at group 7, the elements become less reactive as you go down the group.
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So fluorine is the most reactive while astartine is the least reactive.
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If you haven't heard yet you can find all of our videos on our website cognito.org.
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You'll also find questions, flashcards, exam style questions and past papers.
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And we track all of your progress so that you always know what to study next.
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sign up for free by clicking here or browse our playlist here on YouTube.

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह C1 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “KS3 Chemistry - The periodic Table” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: element, table, periodic, reactive, metals। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 33 वाक्य और 599 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 3:42 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 162 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। 84% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 11 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
proton संज्ञा/ˈpɹoʊ.tɑn/प्रोटॉन, प्राणु
atom संज्ञा/ˈætəm/परमाणु, अणु
sodium संज्ञा/ˈsəʊ.di.əm/क्षारातु, सोडियम
fluorine संज्ञा/ˈflʊ(ə)ɹˌinतरस्विनी
neutron संज्ञा/ˈnu.tɹɑn/नपुंसणु
rubidium संज्ञा/ˌɹuːˈbɪd.i.əm/दीपातु
zigzag संज्ञा/ˈzɪɡ.zæɡ/टेढ़ा-मेढ़ा
lithium संज्ञा/ˈlɪθi.əm/लघ्वातु
explode क्रिया/ɪkˈsploʊd/विस्फोट
horizontal विशेषण/ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/क्षैतिज
arrange क्रिया/əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒ/व्यवस्था करना

वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब

शब्दअर्थ
run along क्रियाभागना

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 8 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे they're, don't, haven't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: flashcard /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: periodic /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪk/, rubidium /ˌɹuːˈbɪd.i.əm/, violently /ˈvaɪ(ə)ləntli/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/, horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर proton, atom, sodium जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →