シャドーイング練習: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation’s Impact | Geography | ClickView - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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- [Narrator] The Asia-Pacific area is a diverse, complex region made up of 2.9 billion inhabitants across dozens of countries.
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- [Narrator] The Asia-Pacific area is a diverse, complex region made up of 2.9 billion inhabitants across dozens of countries.
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For the past three decades, APEC, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, has brought together 21 countries to pursue free and open trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Since its creation, APEC has supported economic integration and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Agreements and policy initiatives facilitated through APEC have resulted in enormous economic growth in the region.
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Its gross domestic product, or GDP, more than doubled from 19 trillion to 46.9 trillion US dollars between 1989 and 2018.
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At the same time, the average per capita income in the Asia-Pacific area rose by 74%, lifting millions out of poverty and creating a growing middle class in less than three decades.
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- If you judge an organization or an entity by results, I'd have to say APEC is a very effective organization.
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Asia-Pacific is now the key driver of global economic growth.
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If Asia-Pacific was not driving growth, then the global world would be operating almost in consistent 0 to 1% growth rate at the moment.
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So they're actually an incredible driver.
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- [Narrator] APEC's core business of smoothing out trade barriers between its 21 member countries has also been very successful.
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Between 1989 and 2018, tariffs, border taxes on imports and exports, fell on average from 17% to 5.3%.
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Simultaneously, the region's total trade increased more than seven times, outpacing the rest of the world.
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Over 2/3 of this increased trading has occurred between Asia-Pacific countries, so the economic benefits have been felt mainly in the APEC region.
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- There's lots of economies mixed in there but what they've been able to do is in working together in a style in which it's called the APEC style, they've been able to create standards that operate across that region.
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And what's actually been enabled by that has been what's called the supply chain revolution because there are common standards that operate throughout APEC.
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The consequence of the supply chain revolution has seen a number of economies increase their growth exponentially.
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- [Narrator] APEC's efficacy is also linked to it being the only intergovernmental group that allows for partnerships with nonmember groups.
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APEC is open to cooperation with nonmembers so long as they align with its values and goals.
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Partnerships are open to governmental and non-governmental groups in other regions around the world.
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APEC has also sought to focus on issues broader than economic growth, such as the environment.
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Since 2010, APEC has facilitated agreements on significantly reducing tariffs on environmentally friendly technologies and goods, making it easier and cheaper to build and sell renewable energy technologies across the region.
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In 2011, member economies committed to reduce energy intensity in the region by 45% by the year 2030.
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In 2014, members agreed to work toward doubling the share of renewable energy by 2030 in APEC's energy mix, including power generation.
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Its proximity to the Ring of Fire makes the Asia-Pacific region vulnerable to natural disasters and humanitarian crises.
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This vulnerability is now intensified by climate change.
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APEC has been instrumental in helping the region manage natural disasters.
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- The APEC community has actually been able to grapple with that as a collective and actually come up with solutions by early warning, management of the problems as a consequence of it, et cetera.
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The fact that it operates as a community is extremely helpful in mitigating or lessening the worst impacts of some of these natural disasters and shocks.
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[dramatic music] Global politics in recent years have been defined by countries questioning globalization and international integration and shifting toward nationalism.
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A stark example is Brexit, which signified a move away from free trade thinking, which benefited Europe for decades to more protectionist sentiments.
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The APEC community has witnessed similar trends.
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- [Protester] We have the power in numbers.
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We came here to protect our republic.
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- [Narrator] The America First policies of the Trump administration, defined by tariffs and trade barriers, particularly against China, as well as China's retaliation represented a distinct reversal from the goals of APEC.
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Increased competition between a strengthening China and her fellow APEC members, the US, Australia and New Zealand, could also prove problematic for APEC.
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- So there is the risk of geopolitical tension between the US and China playing out in the way in which the APEC community operates.
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As the competition between those two great powers intensifies, and perhaps China reveals an intention to be even a more dominant power in the APEC region, then we actually may see some forms of negative impact on the way in which the APEC community operates.
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- [Narrator] A deteriorated relationship between China and Australia further complicates matters, as does China's increasing insistence of its historical claim to Taiwan and its ramping presence in the South China Sea.
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Russia's invasion of Ukraine, resulting in considerable sanctions from some APEC countries has further strained the APEC community.
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APEC's ability to ensure members respect agreements and operate in the spirit of APEC's goals has also drawn scrutiny.
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APEC is a consensus-based forum.
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Commitments are undertaken on a voluntary basis and APEC cannot make members implement agreements, something that other global organizations, like the World Trade Organization or the European Union are able to do.
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This is a core weakness of APEC.
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APEC has been crucial in cooperation and integration in the Asia-Pacific area.
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This work has benefited tens of millions of individuals throughout the region.
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But as geopolitical tension in Asia increases, APEC's aims for the region risk being undermined.
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背景とコンテキスト
アジア太平洋地域は、29億人を超える多様で複雑な地域です。この地域では、過去30年間にわたってアジア太平洋経済協力（APEC）が、21ヶ国を集め、自由で開かれた貿易と投資を目指してきました。APECは経済統合と協力を支持し、経済の急成長を促進しました。このような文脈の中、英語を学ぶ際には、APECの取り組みやその影響を理解することが、国際経済や環境問題についての会話に役立ちます。
日常のコミュニケーションのためのトップ5フレーズ
- 「アジア太平洋は世界経済の重要な原動力です。」 - 経済成長について話す際に使えます。
- 「貿易障壁を削減することが成功のカギです。」 - 貿易について議論する際のフレーズです。
- 「協力は全体的な利益をもたらします。」 - チームワークや共同作業についての話に役立ちます。
- 「環境に優しい技術の需要が高まっています。」 - 環境問題に関する議論で使用可能です。
- 「自然災害の管理は重要です。」 - 危機管理に関して会話する際に便利です。
ステップバイステップのシャドーイングガイド
このビデオに登場する内容は、英語の発音を良くするためのシャドーイング練習に適しています。難しい部分を克服するためには、以下のステップを試してください：
- 注意深く聞く：最初はナレーターの言葉を注意深く聞き、内容を理解します。特に発音やイントネーションに注目しましょう。
- テキストを用意する：トランスクリプトを参照し、ナレーターのフレーズを確認します。これにより、文法構造やフレーズの使い方を学ぶことができます。
- 反復練習：ナレーターが話すフレーズを繰り返し、影のようにシャドースピークを行います。特に強調された部分に注意を払いましょう。
- 録音する：自分の声を録音し、ナレーターの発音と比較します。誤りを修正する良い手段となります。
- フィードバックを得る：友人や教師に自分の発音をチェックしてもらい、改善点について意見をもらいましょう。
このシャドーイングメソッドは、YouTubeで英語学習を行う際にも非常に効果的です。また、IELTSスピーキング対策としても役立ちますので、ぜひ実践してみてください。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。