Shadowing Practice: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation’s Impact | Geography | ClickView - Learn English Speaking with Video
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- The Asia-Pacific area is a diverse, complex region made up of 2.9 billion inhabitants across dozens of countries.
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For the past three decades, APEC, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, has brought together 21 countries to pursue free and open trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Since its creation, APEC has supported economic integration and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Agreements and policy initiatives facilitated through APEC have resulted in enormous economic growth in the region.
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Its gross domestic product, or GDP, more than doubled from 19 trillion to 46.9 trillion US dollars between 1989 and 2018.
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At the same time, the average per capita income in the Asia-Pacific area rose by 74%, lifting millions out of poverty and creating a growing middle class in less than three decades.
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- If you judge an organization or an entity by results, I'd have to say APEC is a very effective organization.
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Asia-Pacific is now the key driver of global economic growth.
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If Asia-Pacific was not driving growth, then the global world would be operating almost in consistent 0 to 1% growth rate at the moment.
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So they're actually an incredible driver.
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- APEC's core business of smoothing out trade barriers between its 21 member countries has also been very successful.
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Between 1989 and 2018, tariffs, border taxes on imports and exports, fell on average from 17% to 5.3%.
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Simultaneously, the region's total trade increased more than seven times, outpacing the rest of the world.
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Over 2/3 of this increased trading has occurred between Asia-Pacific countries, so the economic benefits have been felt mainly in the APEC region.
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- There's lots of economies mixed in there but what they've been able to do is in working together in a style in which it's called the APEC style, they've been able to create standards that operate across that region.
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And what's actually been enabled by that has been what's called the supply chain revolution because there are common standards that operate throughout APEC.
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The consequence of the supply chain revolution has seen a number of economies increase their growth exponentially.
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- APEC's efficacy is also linked to it being the only intergovernmental group that allows for partnerships with nonmember groups.
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APEC is open to cooperation with nonmembers so long as they align with its values and goals.
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Partnerships are open to governmental and non-governmental groups in other regions around the world.
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APEC has also sought to focus on issues broader than economic growth, such as the environment.
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Since 2010, APEC has facilitated agreements on significantly reducing tariffs on environmentally friendly technologies and goods, making it easier and cheaper to build and sell renewable energy technologies across the region.
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In 2011, member economies committed to reduce energy intensity in the region by 45% by the year 2030.
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In 2014, members agreed to work toward doubling the share of renewable energy by 2030 in APEC's energy mix, including power generation.
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Its proximity to the Ring of Fire makes the Asia-Pacific region vulnerable to natural disasters and humanitarian crises.
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This vulnerability is now intensified by climate change.
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APEC has been instrumental in helping the region manage natural disasters.
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- The APEC community has actually been able to grapple with that as a collective and actually come up with solutions by early warning, management of the problems as a consequence of it, et cetera.
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The fact that it operates as a community is extremely helpful in mitigating or lessening the worst impacts of some of these natural disasters and shocks.
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Global politics in recent years have been defined by countries questioning globalization and international integration and shifting toward nationalism.
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A stark example is Brexit, which signified a move away from free trade thinking, which benefited Europe for decades to more protectionist sentiments.
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The APEC community has witnessed similar trends.
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- We have the power in numbers.
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We came here to protect our republic.
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- The America First policies of the Trump administration, defined by tariffs and trade barriers, particularly against China, as well as China's retaliation represented a distinct reversal from the goals of APEC.
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Increased competition between a strengthening China and her fellow APEC members, the US, Australia and New Zealand, could also prove problematic for APEC.
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- So there is the risk of geopolitical tension between the US and China playing out in the way in which the APEC community operates.
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As the competition between those two great powers intensifies, and perhaps China reveals an intention to be even a more dominant power in the APEC region, then we actually may see some forms of negative impact on the way in which the APEC community operates.
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- A deteriorated relationship between China and Australia further complicates matters, as does China's increasing insistence of its historical claim to Taiwan and its ramping presence in the South China Sea.
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Russia's invasion of Ukraine, resulting in considerable sanctions from some APEC countries has further strained the APEC community.
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APEC's ability to ensure members respect agreements and operate in the spirit of APEC's goals has also drawn scrutiny.
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APEC is a consensus-based forum.
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Commitments are undertaken on a voluntary basis and APEC cannot make members implement agreements, something that other global organizations, like the World Trade Organization or the European Union are able to do.
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This is a core weakness of APEC.
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APEC has been crucial in cooperation and integration in the Asia-Pacific area.
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This work has benefited tens of millions of individuals throughout the region.
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But as geopolitical tension in Asia increases, APEC's aims for the region risk being undermined.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation’s Impact”. Las palabras que más se repiten: Apec, region, Asia, Pacific, operate. Este vídeo tiene 49 frases y 932 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 7:00. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 133 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 79 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| narrator sustantivo | /ˈnæˌɹeɪ.təɹ/ | narrador |
| tariff sustantivo | /ˈtæɹəf/ | arancel |
| geopolitical adjetivo | geopolítico | |
| intensify verbo | /ɪnˈtɛnsɪfaɪ/ | intensificar |
| governmental adjetivo | /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/ | gubernamental |
| renewable adjetivo | /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/ | renovable |
| facilitate verbo | /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ | facilitar |
| consequence sustantivo | /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/ | consecuencia |
| complicate verbo | /ˈkɑmplɪkeɪt/ | complicar, complejizar |
| deteriorate verbo | /dɪˈtɪɹ.iə.ɹeɪt/ | deteriorar |
| environmentally adverbio | ambientalmente | |
| exponentially adverbio | /ɛkspə(ʊ)ˈnɛnʃəli/ | exponencialmente |
| grapple verbo | /ˈɡɹæpəl/ | forcejear, forcejar |
| inhabitant sustantivo | /ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/ | habitante |
| insistence sustantivo | /ɪnˈsɪs.təns/ | insistencia |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| bring together verbo | concitar |
| come up with verbo | ingeniar, ingeniarse |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | has brought · has supported · have resulted |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | have been felt · been enabled · is also linked |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 4 contracciones y formas reducidas, como they've, I'd, they're. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: exponentially /ɛkspə(ʊ)ˈnɛnʃəli/, globalization /ˌɡloʊ.bə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, sanction /ˈsæŋkʃən/, retaliation /ɹɪˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/, nationalism /ˈnæʃ(ə)nəˌlɪzəm/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: intensify /ɪnˈtɛnsɪfaɪ/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/, facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/, deteriorate /dɪˈtɪɹ.iə.ɹeɪt/, exponentially /ɛkspə(ʊ)ˈnɛnʃəli/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: scrutiny /ˈskɹuː.tɪ.ni/, stark /stɑɹk/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/, reversal /ɹɪˈvɜː(ɹ)səl/, vulnerability /ˌvʌln(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/, voluntary /ˈvɑ.lənˌt(ɛ)ɹi/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: globalization /ˌɡloʊ.bə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, nationalism /ˈnæʃ(ə)nəˌlɪzəm/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como narrator, tariff, geopolitical.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.