Shadowing Practice: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation’s Impact | Geography | ClickView - Learn English Speaking with Video
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- The Asia-Pacific area is a diverse, complex region made up of 2.9 billion inhabitants across dozens of countries.
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For the past three decades, APEC, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, has brought together 21 countries to pursue free and open trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Since its creation, APEC has supported economic integration and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Agreements and policy initiatives facilitated through APEC have resulted in enormous economic growth in the region.
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Its gross domestic product, or GDP, more than doubled from 19 trillion to 46.9 trillion US dollars between 1989 and 2018.
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At the same time, the average per capita income in the Asia-Pacific area rose by 74%, lifting millions out of poverty and creating a growing middle class in less than three decades.
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- If you judge an organization or an entity by results, I'd have to say APEC is a very effective organization.
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Asia-Pacific is now the key driver of global economic growth.
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If Asia-Pacific was not driving growth, then the global world would be operating almost in consistent 0 to 1% growth rate at the moment.
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So they're actually an incredible driver.
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- APEC's core business of smoothing out trade barriers between its 21 member countries has also been very successful.
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Between 1989 and 2018, tariffs, border taxes on imports and exports, fell on average from 17% to 5.3%.
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Simultaneously, the region's total trade increased more than seven times, outpacing the rest of the world.
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Over 2/3 of this increased trading has occurred between Asia-Pacific countries, so the economic benefits have been felt mainly in the APEC region.
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- There's lots of economies mixed in there but what they've been able to do is in working together in a style in which it's called the APEC style, they've been able to create standards that operate across that region.
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And what's actually been enabled by that has been what's called the supply chain revolution because there are common standards that operate throughout APEC.
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The consequence of the supply chain revolution has seen a number of economies increase their growth exponentially.
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- APEC's efficacy is also linked to it being the only intergovernmental group that allows for partnerships with nonmember groups.
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APEC is open to cooperation with nonmembers so long as they align with its values and goals.
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Partnerships are open to governmental and non-governmental groups in other regions around the world.
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APEC has also sought to focus on issues broader than economic growth, such as the environment.
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Since 2010, APEC has facilitated agreements on significantly reducing tariffs on environmentally friendly technologies and goods, making it easier and cheaper to build and sell renewable energy technologies across the region.
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In 2011, member economies committed to reduce energy intensity in the region by 45% by the year 2030.
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In 2014, members agreed to work toward doubling the share of renewable energy by 2030 in APEC's energy mix, including power generation.
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Its proximity to the Ring of Fire makes the Asia-Pacific region vulnerable to natural disasters and humanitarian crises.
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This vulnerability is now intensified by climate change.
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APEC has been instrumental in helping the region manage natural disasters.
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- The APEC community has actually been able to grapple with that as a collective and actually come up with solutions by early warning, management of the problems as a consequence of it, et cetera.
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The fact that it operates as a community is extremely helpful in mitigating or lessening the worst impacts of some of these natural disasters and shocks.
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Global politics in recent years have been defined by countries questioning globalization and international integration and shifting toward nationalism.
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A stark example is Brexit, which signified a move away from free trade thinking, which benefited Europe for decades to more protectionist sentiments.
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The APEC community has witnessed similar trends.
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- We have the power in numbers.
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We came here to protect our republic.
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- The America First policies of the Trump administration, defined by tariffs and trade barriers, particularly against China, as well as China's retaliation represented a distinct reversal from the goals of APEC.
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Increased competition between a strengthening China and her fellow APEC members, the US, Australia and New Zealand, could also prove problematic for APEC.
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- So there is the risk of geopolitical tension between the US and China playing out in the way in which the APEC community operates.
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As the competition between those two great powers intensifies, and perhaps China reveals an intention to be even a more dominant power in the APEC region, then we actually may see some forms of negative impact on the way in which the APEC community operates.
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- A deteriorated relationship between China and Australia further complicates matters, as does China's increasing insistence of its historical claim to Taiwan and its ramping presence in the South China Sea.
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Russia's invasion of Ukraine, resulting in considerable sanctions from some APEC countries has further strained the APEC community.
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APEC's ability to ensure members respect agreements and operate in the spirit of APEC's goals has also drawn scrutiny.
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APEC is a consensus-based forum.
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Commitments are undertaken on a voluntary basis and APEC cannot make members implement agreements, something that other global organizations, like the World Trade Organization or the European Union are able to do.
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This is a core weakness of APEC.
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APEC has been crucial in cooperation and integration in the Asia-Pacific area.
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This work has benefited tens of millions of individuals throughout the region.
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But as geopolitical tension in Asia increases, APEC's aims for the region risk being undermined.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation’s Impact”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: Apec, region, Asia, Pacific, operate. Deze video bevat 49 zinnen en 932 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 7:00. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 133 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. Slechts 79% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| narrator zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈnæˌɹeɪ.təɹ/ | verteller, vertelster |
| tariff zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈtæɹəf/ | tarief, douanerecht |
| intensify werkwoord | /ɪnˈtɛnsɪfaɪ/ | intensiveren, verhevigen |
| governmental bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/ | gouvernementeel, regerings- |
| renewable bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/ | hernieuwbaar, vernieuwbaar |
| facilitate werkwoord | /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ | vergemakkelijken, faciliteren |
| consequence zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/ | gevolg, consequentie |
| complicate werkwoord | /ˈkɑmplɪkeɪt/ | compliceren |
| deteriorate werkwoord | /dɪˈtɪɹ.iə.ɹeɪt/ | verslechteren, slechter maken |
| exponentially bijwoord | /ɛkspə(ʊ)ˈnɛnʃəli/ | exponentiëel |
| grapple werkwoord | /ˈɡɹæpəl/ | vastgrijpen, grijpen |
| inhabitant zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/ | bewoner, bewoonster |
| intergovernmental bijvoeglijk naamwoord | intergouvernementeel | |
| lessen werkwoord | /ˈlɛsən/ | afzwakken, korten |
| protectionist zelfstandig naamwoord | protectionist |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| come up with werkwoord | bedenken, verzinnen |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | has brought · has supported · have resulted |
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | have been felt · been enabled · is also linked |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 4 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals they've, I'd, they're. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: exponentially /ɛkspə(ʊ)ˈnɛnʃəli/, globalization /ˌɡloʊ.bə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, sanction /ˈsæŋkʃən/, retaliation /ɹɪˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/, nationalism /ˈnæʃ(ə)nəˌlɪzəm/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: intensify /ɪnˈtɛnsɪfaɪ/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/, facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/, deteriorate /dɪˈtɪɹ.iə.ɹeɪt/, exponentially /ɛkspə(ʊ)ˈnɛnʃəli/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: narrator /ˈnæˌɹeɪ.təɹ/, tariff /ˈtæɹəf/, grapple /ˈɡɹæpəl/, inhabitant /ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/, sanction /ˈsæŋkʃən/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/, globalization /ˌɡloʊ.bə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, grapple /ˈɡɹæpəl/, signify /ˈsɪɡnɪfaɪ/, mitigate /ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als narrator, tariff, intensify.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.