शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation’s Impact | Geography | ClickView - YouTube के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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- [Narrator] The Asia-Pacific area is a diverse, complex region made up of 2.9 billion inhabitants across dozens of countries.
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- [Narrator] The Asia-Pacific area is a diverse, complex region made up of 2.9 billion inhabitants across dozens of countries.
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For the past three decades, APEC, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, has brought together 21 countries to pursue free and open trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Since its creation, APEC has supported economic integration and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Agreements and policy initiatives facilitated through APEC have resulted in enormous economic growth in the region.
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Its gross domestic product, or GDP, more than doubled from 19 trillion to 46.9 trillion US dollars between 1989 and 2018.
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At the same time, the average per capita income in the Asia-Pacific area rose by 74%, lifting millions out of poverty and creating a growing middle class in less than three decades.
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- If you judge an organization or an entity by results, I'd have to say APEC is a very effective organization.
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Asia-Pacific is now the key driver of global economic growth.
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If Asia-Pacific was not driving growth, then the global world would be operating almost in consistent 0 to 1% growth rate at the moment.
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So they're actually an incredible driver.
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- [Narrator] APEC's core business of smoothing out trade barriers between its 21 member countries has also been very successful.
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Between 1989 and 2018, tariffs, border taxes on imports and exports, fell on average from 17% to 5.3%.
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Simultaneously, the region's total trade increased more than seven times, outpacing the rest of the world.
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Over 2/3 of this increased trading has occurred between Asia-Pacific countries, so the economic benefits have been felt mainly in the APEC region.
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- There's lots of economies mixed in there but what they've been able to do is in working together in a style in which it's called the APEC style, they've been able to create standards that operate across that region.
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And what's actually been enabled by that has been what's called the supply chain revolution because there are common standards that operate throughout APEC.
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The consequence of the supply chain revolution has seen a number of economies increase their growth exponentially.
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- [Narrator] APEC's efficacy is also linked to it being the only intergovernmental group that allows for partnerships with nonmember groups.
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APEC is open to cooperation with nonmembers so long as they align with its values and goals.
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Partnerships are open to governmental and non-governmental groups in other regions around the world.
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APEC has also sought to focus on issues broader than economic growth, such as the environment.
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Since 2010, APEC has facilitated agreements on significantly reducing tariffs on environmentally friendly technologies and goods, making it easier and cheaper to build and sell renewable energy technologies across the region.
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In 2011, member economies committed to reduce energy intensity in the region by 45% by the year 2030.
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In 2014, members agreed to work toward doubling the share of renewable energy by 2030 in APEC's energy mix, including power generation.
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Its proximity to the Ring of Fire makes the Asia-Pacific region vulnerable to natural disasters and humanitarian crises.
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This vulnerability is now intensified by climate change.
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APEC has been instrumental in helping the region manage natural disasters.
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- The APEC community has actually been able to grapple with that as a collective and actually come up with solutions by early warning, management of the problems as a consequence of it, et cetera.
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The fact that it operates as a community is extremely helpful in mitigating or lessening the worst impacts of some of these natural disasters and shocks.
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[dramatic music] Global politics in recent years have been defined by countries questioning globalization and international integration and shifting toward nationalism.
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A stark example is Brexit, which signified a move away from free trade thinking, which benefited Europe for decades to more protectionist sentiments.
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The APEC community has witnessed similar trends.
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- [Protester] We have the power in numbers.
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We came here to protect our republic.
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- [Narrator] The America First policies of the Trump administration, defined by tariffs and trade barriers, particularly against China, as well as China's retaliation represented a distinct reversal from the goals of APEC.
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Increased competition between a strengthening China and her fellow APEC members, the US, Australia and New Zealand, could also prove problematic for APEC.
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- So there is the risk of geopolitical tension between the US and China playing out in the way in which the APEC community operates.
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As the competition between those two great powers intensifies, and perhaps China reveals an intention to be even a more dominant power in the APEC region, then we actually may see some forms of negative impact on the way in which the APEC community operates.
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- [Narrator] A deteriorated relationship between China and Australia further complicates matters, as does China's increasing insistence of its historical claim to Taiwan and its ramping presence in the South China Sea.
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Russia's invasion of Ukraine, resulting in considerable sanctions from some APEC countries has further strained the APEC community.
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APEC's ability to ensure members respect agreements and operate in the spirit of APEC's goals has also drawn scrutiny.
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APEC is a consensus-based forum.
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Commitments are undertaken on a voluntary basis and APEC cannot make members implement agreements, something that other global organizations, like the World Trade Organization or the European Union are able to do.
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This is a core weakness of APEC.
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APEC has been crucial in cooperation and integration in the Asia-Pacific area.
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This work has benefited tens of millions of individuals throughout the region.
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But as geopolitical tension in Asia increases, APEC's aims for the region risk being undermined.
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इस वीडियो के साथ बोलने का अभ्यास क्यों करें?
इस वीडियो में एशिया-प्रशांत आर्थिक सहयोग (APEC) का महत्वपूर्ण प्रभाव और इसके क्षेत्र की आर्थिक वृद्धि पर जानकारी दी गई है। जब आप इस वीडियो को देखते हैं और इसके साथ बोलने का अभ्यास करते हैं, तो आप न केवल अंग्रेजी बोलने के कौशल को विकसित कर सकते हैं, बल्कि वैश्विक अर्थव्यवस्था के बारे में भी सीख सकते हैं। यूट्यूब से अंग्रेजी सीखें और इस वीडियो के प्रसंग में बोलने का अभ्यास करें, ताकि आप अपने विचारों को स्पष्ट रूप से व्यक्त कर सकें और विभिन्न देशों की आर्थिक नीतियों को समझ सकें।
संदर्भ में व्याकरण और अभिव्यक्तियां
वीडियो में कुछ महत्वपूर्ण वाक्य संरचनाएं और अभिव्यक्तियां हैं जिन्हें आप अपने बोलने में शामिल कर सकते हैं:
- “For the past three decades” - यह अवधि को समझाने की एक सामान्य संरचना है, जिसका उपयोग आप अपने अनुभवों को साझा करने में कर सकते हैं।
- “Since its creation” - यह एक स्थितिजन्य व्याकरण संरचना है, जो किसी चीज के निर्माण के बाद से अब तक के विकास पर ध्यान केंद्रित करती है।
- “Economic integration and cooperation” - यह एक सामान्य अभिव्यक्ति है, जिसका उपयोग आप आर्थिक विषयों पर चर्चा करते समय कर सकते हैं।
- “Increased competition” - प्रतिस्पर्धा बढ़ने से संबंधित विचार व्यक्त करते समय यह संरचना सहायक हो सकती है।
सामान्य उच्चारण की कठिनाइयां
वीडियो में कुछ ऐसे शब्द और उच्चारण हैं जो सीखने वालों के लिए चुनौतीपूर्ण हो सकते हैं:
- APEC - इस शब्द का सही उच्चारण करना महत्वपूर्ण है, ताकि आप इसे सही संदर्भ में उपयोग कर सकें।
- GDP - यह संक्षिप्ताक्षर है, जिसके उच्चारण में अक्सर गलतियाँ होती हैं। सुनिश्चित करें कि आप इसे सही तरीके से उच्चारित करें।
- Tariffs - इस शब्द का सही उच्चारण करने से आप आर्थिक चर्चाओं में अधिक प्रभावी बन सकते हैं।
इन उच्चारण पर ध्यान देने से आप अंग्रेजी उच्चारण में सुधार कर सकते हैं और अपने बोलने की क्षमता को बढ़ा सकते हैं। वीडियो के साथ बोलकर अभ्यास करें, ताकि आप shadowspeak कर सकें और अपने संवाद कौशल को निखार सकें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।
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