Shadowing Practice: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation’s Impact | Geography | ClickView - Learn English Speaking with Video
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- The Asia-Pacific area is a diverse, complex region made up of 2.9 billion inhabitants across dozens of countries.
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For the past three decades, APEC, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, has brought together 21 countries to pursue free and open trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Since its creation, APEC has supported economic integration and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Agreements and policy initiatives facilitated through APEC have resulted in enormous economic growth in the region.
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Its gross domestic product, or GDP, more than doubled from 19 trillion to 46.9 trillion US dollars between 1989 and 2018.
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At the same time, the average per capita income in the Asia-Pacific area rose by 74%, lifting millions out of poverty and creating a growing middle class in less than three decades.
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- If you judge an organization or an entity by results, I'd have to say APEC is a very effective organization.
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Asia-Pacific is now the key driver of global economic growth.
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If Asia-Pacific was not driving growth, then the global world would be operating almost in consistent 0 to 1% growth rate at the moment.
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So they're actually an incredible driver.
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- APEC's core business of smoothing out trade barriers between its 21 member countries has also been very successful.
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Between 1989 and 2018, tariffs, border taxes on imports and exports, fell on average from 17% to 5.3%.
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Simultaneously, the region's total trade increased more than seven times, outpacing the rest of the world.
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Over 2/3 of this increased trading has occurred between Asia-Pacific countries, so the economic benefits have been felt mainly in the APEC region.
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- There's lots of economies mixed in there but what they've been able to do is in working together in a style in which it's called the APEC style, they've been able to create standards that operate across that region.
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And what's actually been enabled by that has been what's called the supply chain revolution because there are common standards that operate throughout APEC.
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The consequence of the supply chain revolution has seen a number of economies increase their growth exponentially.
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- APEC's efficacy is also linked to it being the only intergovernmental group that allows for partnerships with nonmember groups.
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APEC is open to cooperation with nonmembers so long as they align with its values and goals.
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Partnerships are open to governmental and non-governmental groups in other regions around the world.
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APEC has also sought to focus on issues broader than economic growth, such as the environment.
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Since 2010, APEC has facilitated agreements on significantly reducing tariffs on environmentally friendly technologies and goods, making it easier and cheaper to build and sell renewable energy technologies across the region.
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In 2011, member economies committed to reduce energy intensity in the region by 45% by the year 2030.
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In 2014, members agreed to work toward doubling the share of renewable energy by 2030 in APEC's energy mix, including power generation.
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Its proximity to the Ring of Fire makes the Asia-Pacific region vulnerable to natural disasters and humanitarian crises.
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This vulnerability is now intensified by climate change.
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APEC has been instrumental in helping the region manage natural disasters.
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- The APEC community has actually been able to grapple with that as a collective and actually come up with solutions by early warning, management of the problems as a consequence of it, et cetera.
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The fact that it operates as a community is extremely helpful in mitigating or lessening the worst impacts of some of these natural disasters and shocks.
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Global politics in recent years have been defined by countries questioning globalization and international integration and shifting toward nationalism.
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A stark example is Brexit, which signified a move away from free trade thinking, which benefited Europe for decades to more protectionist sentiments.
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The APEC community has witnessed similar trends.
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- We have the power in numbers.
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We came here to protect our republic.
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- The America First policies of the Trump administration, defined by tariffs and trade barriers, particularly against China, as well as China's retaliation represented a distinct reversal from the goals of APEC.
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Increased competition between a strengthening China and her fellow APEC members, the US, Australia and New Zealand, could also prove problematic for APEC.
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- So there is the risk of geopolitical tension between the US and China playing out in the way in which the APEC community operates.
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As the competition between those two great powers intensifies, and perhaps China reveals an intention to be even a more dominant power in the APEC region, then we actually may see some forms of negative impact on the way in which the APEC community operates.
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- A deteriorated relationship between China and Australia further complicates matters, as does China's increasing insistence of its historical claim to Taiwan and its ramping presence in the South China Sea.
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Russia's invasion of Ukraine, resulting in considerable sanctions from some APEC countries has further strained the APEC community.
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APEC's ability to ensure members respect agreements and operate in the spirit of APEC's goals has also drawn scrutiny.
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APEC is a consensus-based forum.
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Commitments are undertaken on a voluntary basis and APEC cannot make members implement agreements, something that other global organizations, like the World Trade Organization or the European Union are able to do.
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This is a core weakness of APEC.
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APEC has been crucial in cooperation and integration in the Asia-Pacific area.
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This work has benefited tens of millions of individuals throughout the region.
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But as geopolitical tension in Asia increases, APEC's aims for the region risk being undermined.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu C1 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation’s Impact” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: Apec, region, Asia, Pacific, operate. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 49 cümle ve 932 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 7:00 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 133 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin yalnızca %79’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| narrator isim | /ˈnæˌɹeɪ.təɹ/ | anlatıcı |
| tariff isim | /ˈtæɹəf/ | tarife, gümrük vergisi |
| intensify fiil | /ɪnˈtɛnsɪfaɪ/ | yoğunlaşmak, yoğunlaştırmak |
| governmental sıfat | /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/ | hükümet |
| renewable sıfat | /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/ | yenilenebilir |
| facilitate fiil | /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ | kolaylaştırmak |
| consequence isim | /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/ | sonuç, netice |
| deteriorate fiil | /dɪˈtɪɹ.iə.ɹeɪt/ | bozmak |
| inhabitant isim | /ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/ | oturan, sakin |
| sanction isim | /ˈsæŋkʃən/ | müeyyide, müeyyideler |
| mitigate fiil | /ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ | azaltmak, dindirmek |
| retaliation isim | /ɹɪˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/ | öç, intikam |
| align fiil | /əˈlaɪn/ | hizalanmak, hizaya geçmek |
| undermine fiil | /ˌʌn.dɚˈmaɪn/ | baltalamak |
| vulnerability isim | /ˌvʌln(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/ | yaralanabilirlik |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | has brought · has supported · have resulted |
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | have been felt · been enabled · is also linked |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı they've, I'd, they're gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 4 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: exponentially /ɛkspə(ʊ)ˈnɛnʃəli/, globalization /ˌɡloʊ.bə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, sanction /ˈsæŋkʃən/, retaliation /ɹɪˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/, nationalism /ˈnæʃ(ə)nəˌlɪzəm/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: intensify /ɪnˈtɛnsɪfaɪ/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/, facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/, deteriorate /dɪˈtɪɹ.iə.ɹeɪt/, exponentially /ɛkspə(ʊ)ˈnɛnʃəli/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: globalization /ˌɡloʊ.bə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, grapple /ˈɡɹæpəl/, protester /pɹəˈtɛstəɹ/, scrutiny /ˈskɹuː.tɪ.ni/, problematic /ˌpɹɑ.bləˈmæt.ɪk/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: narrator /ˈnæˌɹeɪ.təɹ/, tariff /ˈtæɹəf/, grapple /ˈɡɹæpəl/, inhabitant /ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/, sanction /ˈsæŋkʃən/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; narrator, tariff, intensify gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.