シャドーイング練習: Effortless English LEVEL 1| LESON 5 DRAG|| LEAN EINGLISH EVERYDAY - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Drag, high price of mom's help is drag on family business.
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Dear Abby, 20 years ago my sister and I bought a business from our mother.
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We all love and respect one another and get along well.
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We will be finished paying off the business in two years.
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Our problem.
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Mom, who is now 77,
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still draws a salary from us above and beyond the payment for the business.
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Yes, her workload has lessened greatly, as it should.
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She could do all of her work in one day and lessen the burden of her salary.
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However, she says she'd go crazy if she retired.
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We don't want that.
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She could still come in as often as she wants and do her personal paperwork,
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banking, letter writing, reading, etc. These are all things she does at work on the clock.
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If we try to discuss this, mom gets hurt and says,
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just let me know when I'm not worth the money.
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We don't want to do that.
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We would hope she would see the fairness of this and suggest it herself.
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Business expenses are going through the roof and there are updates we should make.
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But we can't do it as long as we are paying mom at the level we are.
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On top of the money for the buyout.
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Signed, Daughter's Dearest.
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Welcome to the vocabulary lesson for drag.
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Drag.
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Drag is the name of this lesson set.
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Let's begin the vocabulary.
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First, the title.
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High price of mom's help is drag on family business.
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Okay, high price, right?
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It means cost a lot.
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And the mom is helping the family business, but it's her help, her cost,
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meaning her salary, meaning the money they pay mom, is a drag on the business.
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Okay, to be a drag, a drag on something, or sometimes just a drag.
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A drag means you hurt something
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or you slow something or you cause a problem for something. For example,
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mom is a drag on the business means mom is causing a problem for the business.
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She's slowing the business.
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She's causing a problem for the business.
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So a drag.
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Sometimes we use a drag when we talk about personality, somebody, describe someone.
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If you say, he is such a drag, or he is a drag,
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in that situation, it means not fun, not fun.
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He is a drag means he is not fun.
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But here in this story, drag means she is causing problems for the business.
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She's pulling the business down.
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Okay, let's start the letter.
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It says, Dear Abby.
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Twenty years ago, my sister and I bought a business from our mother.
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Okay, so the mom had the business.
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It was the mom's business.
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Later she sold the business to her daughters.
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So now the daughters own the business the mom is not the owner now she was in the past now the sisters,
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the daughters own the business and they love their mom
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or their mom loves them they say
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we will be finished paying off the business in two years to pay off means to finish paying.
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So we use pay off when you must pay for something over time.
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Maybe every month you pay some money.
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For example, if I buy a car, every month maybe I pay $200.
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And in, I don't know, 20 years, I will pay off the car.
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Means I paid everything.
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I paid all of the cost.
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So, in two years, they will pay off the business.
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It means they bought the business from their mom,
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but they are still paying her money for the business.
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In two more years, they will finish paying her.
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They will totally own the business.
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Okay.
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One problem, or our problem.
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Mom, who is 77, so the mom is 77 years old, she still draws a salary.
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Draws a salary now here the word draw means takes
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or to take right you know the meaning of draw like you're drawing with a pencil
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but here the meaning is different here it means take she still takes a salary.
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She takes a salary.
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She gets a salary.
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She draws a salary.
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We use the word draw sometimes with money, with a salary.
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Salary means your payment every month from your job, your paycheck check every month from your job.
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So she draws a salary.
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So the sisters still pay her.
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They pay her to buy the business.
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They also pay her a salary like an employee,
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maybe $10 per hour so they pay the mom for doing work
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and they are paying her to buy the business
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so they're paying her two different things
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and they say she draws a salary above
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and beyond the payment for the business above
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and beyond means more than or also
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or in addition to
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or plus right she draws a salary plus the payment from the business
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so she has the payment and also right in addition she has a salary
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so above and beyond means
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that plus more okay her workload has lessened greatly
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workload her workload has lessened lessened means getting smaller getting smaller, getting smaller.
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So her workload is getting smaller.
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Workload means how much work you do.
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It's your jobs at work.
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If you have a heavy workload,
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then you are very busy at work you have a lot to do
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If you have a light workload, then you are not busy.
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It's an easy job, workload.
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So now the mom has a light workload.
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She's old.
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She doesn't do very much, but they're still paying her every hour she comes to the business.
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Okay, so they say, in fact, her workload is so light,
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so small, so light, She could do all of her work in one day.
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So she has very little work at the business now.
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And if she did everything in one day, it would lessen the burden of her salary.
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Again, lessen means make smaller, make smaller.
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And the burden, the burden is something difficult you must do or something heavy you must carry.
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Two meanings.
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So the burden of her salary, it means her salary is tough,
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it's heavy, it's difficult for the sisters.
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They must pay their mom every day, every hour she comes, and this is difficult.
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It costs a lot of money, so it's a burden.
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It's a burden to the sisters.
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So they want mom to work less.
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They want mom to work only one day each week.
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They want mom to work one day, so they only pay her for one day, maybe eight hours.
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Then they can save a lot of money for the business.
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So that's why they want mom to work less.
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But mom doesn't like the idea.
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She says she would go crazy if she retired.
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Retired means stop working.
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So mom says, no, no, I will go crazy.
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I don't want to work less.
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I want to come every day.
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The sisters don't want her to retire they say
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she could still come in to the office as often as she wants she could come every day
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and do her personal paperwork banking letter writing reading etc
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so it's okay for mom to come just to socialize to talk to them
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so she's not alone they say that's okay
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but they don't want to pay her to do her personal work paperwork banking
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because these are all things she does at work on the clock ah on the clock means
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when you are working it means during work time okay during the time you are paid
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so mom has been doing personal work during work time on the clock so they are paying mom,
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but mom is not helping with the business.
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She's writing letters to her friends.
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She's reading books.
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She's not doing work, but she wants the sisters, the daughters, to continue paying her.
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So it's a problem.
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It says, if we try to discuss this, mom gets hurt.
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Okay, When they tell mom, mom, you're costing us money and you're not working, mom gets hurt.
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She says, just let me know when I'm not worth the money.
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We don't want to do that.
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We hope she would see the fairness of this
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and suggest it herself ah
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so the sisters her daughters they don't want to fire mom they don't want to make her quit they hope
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mom will understand by herself
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but she's not okay last paragraph business expenses are
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going through the roof okay expense means cost right money
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you pay out right it's the opposite of income income means money coming in expense money going out
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so the business costs are going through the roof going through the roof means going up very fast
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Their costs are increasing.
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Their costs are going up very, very fast.
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So they are losing money.
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And there are updates we should make.
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Updates means improvements.
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Improvements.
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They need to improve the business to make it better.
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But we can't do the updates.
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They can't improve while we are paying mom at the level we are.
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So they can't continue to pay mom full time because the business is losing money.
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They can't pay her
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that on top of the money for the buyout on top
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of means also means in addition to on top of means above
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and beyond they both mean same thing on top of means in addition to or plus money for the buy out.
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Buy out means you're buying a business from someone else.
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They are buying the business from their mom.
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So they say, oh, it's too expensive.
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We must pay mom to buy the business.
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Plus, we must pay her salary every hour.
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These two are too much.
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We can't pay for the buyout on top of her salary, too.
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It's too much.
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Okay, that's all.
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Use your dictionary if necessary.
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Look at the text.
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Use your dictionary and review the words.
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Listen to this lesson many times.
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Okay, welcome to mini -story A for drag.
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In this mini story, I will ask questions you know.
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Look at the text.
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You can find the answers.
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Let's start.
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Mom is a drag on the family business.
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Who is a drag on the family business.
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Well, mom, right?
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The mom is a drag on the family business.
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Is the dad a drag on the family business?
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No, not the dad.
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The dad isn't a drag on the family business.
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The mom is a drag on the family business.
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Is the mom a drag or is the dad a drag?
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Right, the mom.
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The mom is a drag on the family business.
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The dad isn't a drag on the family business.
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Who is a drag on the family business?
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That's right, the mom.
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The mom is a drag on the family business.
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When was the mom a drag on the family business?
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Well, the mom was a drag on the family business.
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For many years, for many years, right?
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Starting 20 years ago.
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Starting 20 years ago until now.
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All right.
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When did the daughters buy the business?
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20 years ago.
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So, the daughters bought the business 20 years ago.
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Who did they buy the business from?
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Ah, their mother.
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They bought the business from their mother.
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Did they buy the business from George Bush?
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No, they didn't buy the business from George Bush.
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They bought the business from their mother.
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Did they buy the business from their father?
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No, they didn't buy the business from their father.
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They bought the business from their mother.
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How long ago did they buy the business?
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Twenty years ago, right?
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Twenty years ago, they bought the business from their mother.
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All right, very good question.
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Do they love their mother?
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Of course they love their mother.
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Do they respect their mother?
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Yes, of course they respect their mother.
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Does their mother respect them?
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Yes, their mother respects them.
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Do they all respect each other?
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That's right.
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They all respect each other.
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Mom respects them.
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They respect mom.
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All right.
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When will they finish paying paying off the business.
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Ah, in two years.
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In two years, they will finish paying off the business.
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Who will finish paying off the business?
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The sisters or the daughters will will finish paying off the business?
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When will the daughters finish paying off the business? In two years.
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Who will finish paying off the business in two years?
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The daughters
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or sisters will finish paying off the business in two years
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will the father finish paying off the business in two years
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no no not the father the father will not finish paying
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off the business in two years the daughters will finish paying off the business in two years.
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But the daughters have a problem.
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Mom, who is 77, still gets money.
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Who still gets money from the daughters?
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Mom, right?
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Mom still gets money from the daughters.
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Does mom still get money from her daughters?
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That's right.
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Mom still gets money from her daughters.
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Does mom get a salary?
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from her daughters?
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Yeah, that's right.
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She gets a salary, maybe per hour, from her daughters.
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Does mom get a salary?
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Or does mom work for free?
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Ah, mom gets a salary.
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She doesn't work for free.
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Mom gets a salary.
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She still gets a salary.
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Does mom also get money for the business?
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That's right.
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Mom also gets money to pay for the business.
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Who pays mom money for the business.
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Well, the daughters pay mom money for the business.
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Who pays mom a salary?
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Ah, the daughters again.
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The daughters pay mom a salary and the daughters pay money for the business.
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how old is the mom
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she is 77 is the mom very young no not really the mom is 77 she's not
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Not very young.
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Is she old?
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Well, not too old, but yeah, she is a little old.
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She is 77.
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Okay.
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Does mom do a lot of work?
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No, she doesn't do a lot of work.
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Does she do personal work on the clock?
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Yes, she does.
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She does personal work on the clock.
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Does mom read on the clock?
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She does.
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Mom reads on the clock.
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She reads during work time.
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does mom write letters on the clock yes
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she does mom writes letters on the clock during work
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time who writes letters on the clock well mom the mom
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Mom writes letters on the clock.
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Do the daughters pay mom to write letters?
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Well, they do pay her to write letters, but they don't want to.
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Does mom write letters on the clock or does mom work very hard on the clock?
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Mom writes letters on the clock.
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She doesn't work very hard on the clock.
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Is mom's salary expensive for the daughters?
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Yes, mom's salary is expensive for the daughters.
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Whose salary is expensive for the daughters?
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Mom's.
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Mom's salary is expensive for the daughters.
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What is expensive for the daughters?
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Mom's salary, right?
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Mom's salary is expensive for the daughters.
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Is dad's salary expensive for the daughters?
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No, no, dad's salary isn't expensive for the daughter's.
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Mom's salary is expensive for the daughter's.
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Is mom's salary expensive for the daughter's or cheap for the daughter's?
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Well, her salary is expensive for the daughter's.
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It's not cheap for the daughters.
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Are business expenses going up or going down?
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Business expenses are going up.
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Are business expenses going up fast?
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Yes, yes.
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Business expenses are going up fast.
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Are business expenses going through the roof?
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Yes, business expenses are going through the roof.
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They are going up very fast.
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What is going up very fast?
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business expenses business expenses are going up very fast
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whose business expenses are going up very fast
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the daughter's right the daughter's business expenses are
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going up very fast are Bill Gates business expenses going up very fast no no not
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Bill Gates Bill Gates business expenses aren't going up very fast the daughter's business expenses are going up very fast.
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Why are the daughter's business expenses going up very fast?
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Why?
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Because they must pay their mom two times.
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They must pay her a salary and And also,
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they must pay her for the business.
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So why are their expenses going up fast?
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Because they must pay their mom two times.
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Are their expenses going down?
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No, they're not.
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Their expenses are not going down.
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They are going up.
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Do the daughters like this situation?
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No, they don't.
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The daughters don't like this situation.
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Okay, that is all for mini -story A.
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Listen to it many times.
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Listen to it every day.
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Listen to it for two weeks or more.
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Hello.
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Welcome to mini -story B for drag.
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In this mini -story lesson, I will ask two kinds of questions.
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I will ask information you know.
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And I will ask information you don't know.
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If you don't know, guess.
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Let's get started.
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Twenty years ago, the sisters or daughters bought a business from their mother.
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Did they buy a business from their mother?
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yes they did who bought a business from their mother
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Well, the daughters.
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What were their names?
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Hmm. Were their names
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Sam and Olivia?
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Yes, that's right.
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The daughters' names were Sam and Olivia.
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Olivia.
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What did Sam and Olivia buy?
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Well, they bought a business.
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When did they buy a business?
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Ah, 20 years ago they bought a business.
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Where did they buy a business?
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Hmm, No. Did they buy a business in Texas?
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No. Did they buy a business in Canada?
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Yes.
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That's did they buy?
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Did they buy a farm?
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No, no, no,
370
no. Did they buy a paper making business? no no
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they didn't they didn't buy a paper making business did they buy a dog cleaning business business.
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Yes, that's right.
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They bought a dog cleaning business from their mother.
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When did they buy a dog cleaning business from their mother?
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Oh, well, you know, 20 years
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Years ago, they bought a dog cleaning business from their mother.
377
Where did they buy the dog cleaning business?
378
In Canada, they bought the dog cleaning business from their mother in Canada.
379
How did they buy the business?
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Ah, how did they buy the business?
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They bought the business with gold, G -O -L -D, gold.
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They bought the business with gold from their mother in Canada.
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What kind of business did they buy with gold?
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They bought a dog cleaning business with gold from their mother.
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Did they buy a cat cleaning business from their mother or a dog cleaning business from their mother?
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Ah, they bought a dog cleaning business from their mother.
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Okay, how much gold did they pay to buy the dog cleaning business?
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did they pay 10 pounds of gold every year no
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they didn't pay 10 pounds of gold every year did
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they pay 500 pounds of gold every year well almost they paid 505 pounds of of gold every year.
391
Who did they pay 505 pounds of gold to?
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Ah, to their mother, right?
393
They paid five hundred and five pounds of gold every year to their mother, okay?
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How many times did they pay their mother?
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Well, they paid their mother every year.
396
Every year they paid their mother 505 pounds of gold.
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Every year did they pay their mother 506 pounds of gold?
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No, every year they paid their mother five hundred and five pounds of gold.
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Why did they pay their mother five hundred and five pounds of gold every year?
400
Well, because they bought her business business.
401
What kind of business did they buy?
402
A dog cleaning business.
403
They bought a dog cleaning business.
404
Did the mom continue to help with the dog cleaning business?
405
Yes, Yes, the mom continued to help with the dog cleaning business.
406
Who did she continue to help?
407
Well, she continued to help
408
Sam and Olivia, her daughters.
409
Did she continue to help
410
Sam and Olivia?
411
Yeah, she continued to help
412
Sam and Olivia.
413
Where did she help them?
414
Well, she helped them at the business, right, at work.
415
Where was the business? In Canada, right?
416
She helped them at the business in Canada.
417
How did the mom help
418
Sam and Olivia?
419
How did she help them?
420
Did she wash the dogs? Did she clean?
421
Did she wash the dogs?
422
No, no, she didn't wash the dogs dogs.
423
Why didn't she help wash the dogs?
424
Well, because she was too old.
425
She was too old to wash the dogs.
426
Was she too old to use the computer?
427
No, she wasn't too old to use the computer, she was too old to wash the dogs.
428
Was she too old to wash all of the dogs?
429
No, no. She wasn't too old to wash all of the dogs.
430
Which dogs was she too old to wash?
431
Ah, was she too old to wash the big dogs or the little dogs?
432
Oh, she was too old to wash the little dogs.
433
Yeah, she was too old to wash the little dogs.
434
Hmm, why?
435
Why was she too old to wash the little dogs?
436
Oh, because they are fast.
437
The little dogs are very fast.
438
The little dogs are very fast, so mom was too old to wash the little dogs.
439
Mom only washed the big dogs.
440
Why did she only wash the big dogs?
441
Well, obviously, because they were slow.
442
The big dogs were very slow, but the little dogs were too fast.
443
Mom only washed the big dogs.
444
How many big dogs did she wash every day?
445
Did she wash one big dog every day?
446
500 big dogs every day?
447
No, she washed half a big dog every day.
448
Who washed only half a big dog every day?
449
Mom, the mom, what did the mom wash every day?
450
The mom washed half a big dog every day.
451
When did she wash half a dog every day?
452
Oh, well, at midnight, at midnight,
453
only at midnight, she washed half a big dog every day.
454
Actually, every night.
455
Where did she wash half a big dog? In Canada, right?
456
At the business in Canada.
457
How did she wash half a big dog?
458
Well, she washed half a big dog with a toothbrush.
459
You know, brush your teeth.
460
She washed half a big dog with a toothbrush.
461
T -O -O -T -H -B -R -U -S -H.
462
She washed half a big dog every night at midnight with a toothbrush.
463
Why did she use a toothbrush?
464
Oh, she used a toothbrush because her hands were very small.
465
Mom's hands were very small.
466
That's why she used a toothbrush.
467
Who used a toothbrush because her hands were small?
468
The mom used a toothbrush because her hands were small.
469
What did the mom use to wash half a big dog?
470
She used a toothbrush to wash half a big dog.
471
When did she use a toothbrush? At midnight.
472
At midnight, she used a toothbrush.
473
What did she use the toothbrush for.
474
She used the toothbrush to wash half a big dog.
475
Okay.
476
Very good.
477
Now we understand more of the story.
478
Listen to this mini story many, many times.
479
Listen every day.
480
Answer all the questions.
481
Use your pause button.
482
Listen to this story every day for two weeks,
483
maybe three weeks, maybe ten weeks, but listen every day until you understand everything.
484
Okay.
485
See you next time.
486
Bye -bye.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Effortless English LEVEL 1」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：mom, dog, salary, daughters, drag。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が486文、単語が3880語あります。 音声の長さは49:12です。 話す速さはゆっくりで、1分あたり約79語です。一つ一つの音をまねる余裕があります。 単語の87%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれるため、語彙は分かりやすいです。 全486文のうち108文が疑問文なので、疑問文のイントネーションや短い受け答えの練習に向いています。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語発音意味
salary 名詞/ˈsæləɹi/サラリー, 給料
drag 動詞/dɹæɡ/引く, 引きずる
wash 動詞/wɑʃ/洗う
expense 名詞/ɪkˈspɛns/支出, 費用
clock 名詞/klɑk/走行距離計
burden 名詞/ˈbɝdn̩/積み荷
midnight 名詞/ˈmɪd(ˌ)naɪt/夜半, 真夜中
lesson 名詞/ˈlɛs.ən/授業, 学科
retire 動詞/ɹəˈtaɪɹ/退職する, 引退する
paperwork 名詞/ˈpeɪ.pɚˌwɝk/事務処理, 文書業務
greatly 副詞/ˈɡɹeɪ̯t.li/大いに
dictionary 名詞/ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/辞書, 字書
vocabulary 名詞/vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/語彙, 語彙力
brush 名詞/bɹʌʃ/刷子, 刷毛
paragraph 名詞/ˈpæɹəɡɹæf/段落

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語意味
go up 動詞上がる, 登る
pay off 動詞報われる
go down 動詞降りる, 降下する
get along 動詞気が合う, 折り合う
go out 動詞出る

繰り返し練習したい文

動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。

  • We don't want to do that.
  • It's your jobs at work.
  • I don't want to work less.
  • Is mom's salary expensive for the daughters?
  • Is dad's salary expensive for the daughters?

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型動画での表現
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係しているhas lessened
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てるwill be finished · are paid
動詞 + -ing enjoy, keep, stop… + -ing — 後ろに-ing形が続く動詞finished paying · finish paying · stop working
「should」による助言 should + 動詞 — したほうがよいことを伝えるshould make

注意したい発音

話し手はdon't, didn't, can'tなど、短縮形や弱形を48回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

  • 「sh」と「zh」の音: wash /wɑʃ/, dictionary /ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/, brush /bɹʌʃ/, toothbrush /ˈtuːθ.bɹʌʃ/, socialize /ˈsoʊʃəlaɪz/
  • 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: dictionary /ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

  • /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: salary /ˈsæləɹi/, greatly /ˈɡɹeɪ̯t.li/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/
  • /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: fairness /ˈfɛɚ.nəs/, paragraph /ˈpæɹəɡɹæf/
  • 子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: drag /dɹæɡ/, expense /ɪkˈspɛns/, clock /klɑk/, pound /ˈpaʊ̯nd/, greatly /ˈɡɹeɪ̯t.li/

この動画での練習方法

  1. まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
  2. 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
  3. 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。salary, drag, washなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →