シャドーイング練習: In conversation with: Hans Troyer - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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54 文
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1
Kilian: How do you see yourself in the future, in running?
2
Hans: I'm a huge fan of both you and Jim Walmsley. You two are my top athletes in the sport, so of course I'm trying to do a lot of the things you both did.
3
Kilian: It's very cool to talk with you while you are still so young, almost like you are just starting. I remember being your age. How old are you now?
4
Hans: I'm 26.
5
Kilian: I remember that age being so fun. You are discovering races, discovering your capacities, and finding out what you are able to do. That excitement is something pretty unique.
6
Hans: It's a cool place to be. I was talking with Hayden Hawks two weeks ago, and we talked about the "Kilian effect." For the runners five years younger than you, there is this huge generation of trail runners who were inspired by you to start trail running. Obviously, that brought in some really talented people.
7
Hans: I feel like there has almost been a skip in generations. You don't see many 25-to-30-year-olds, so I feel like I'm in a unique spot, almost alone in my age group, which is interesting.
8
Kilian: Yes. You still have that youthful excitement, but at the same time you already have experience. You have been running for a few years, you know how to race, and you know how to execute. That makes it the perfect moment.
9
Kilian: What you have done over the last two years, breaking records and pushing limits, has been exciting to follow. It is cool to see how your generation is pushing the limits so much further.
10
Kilian: You are not afraid to look at what came before and think, "I can go faster." Jim Walmsley ran incredibly fast, and you think you can run faster. Jim probably saw Scott Jurek and thought the same thing. That is how the sport evolves, each generation looks at the one before and believes it can improve.
11
Hans: Yes, it's about taking notes, learning, and trying to improve. I also think the sport is professionalizing. In the past, people had a trail-running season, then a ski season, and so on. I grew up in Georgia, so there was no ski season. I just trained year-round.
12
Hans: With things like high-carb fueling and all the new knowledge, I listen to podcasts, read books, take notes, and try to be a student of the sport. I am willing to sacrifice a lot to do everything I can to get faster. I think it's a really cool time in the sport, and over the next 10 years we will probably see a lot of change.
13
Kilian: Yes. As you said, people are becoming more professional. Not only the athletes, but also the structures around them. Before, athletes might have been professional, but they were often alone. Now there are coaches, nutritionists, and many more people bringing knowledge into the sport.
14
Kilian: How did you end up doing Western States, coming from Georgia?
15
Hans: In college, when I was running, I started reading trail-running books. I read one of your books, Scott Jurek's books, Dean Karnazes, David Goggins, and others. In Scott Jurek's Eat and Run, he talked about Western States over and over again, and that intrigued me.
16
Hans: Then we started putting on the livestream for some of those years, so I started watching the race. At first, I was oblivious to how hard trail running actually is. I remember seeing the paces and thinking, "I could run that pace, that should be easy." Hans: Then I was surprised when I started running trail races and realized, no, these are very fast times. I quickly became fascinated by it. The prestige of Western States itself, and the fact that everyone who has won it is legendary, makes it really exciting for me to compete there.
17
Kilian: It is fun to see how people start trail running. You came from a track background, running in school, while other people come from mountain sports. But in the end we are all doing the same thing, running on trails.
18
Hans: I want to read more of your books, but I read Run or Die. In the early chapters you talked about the value you found in endurance and athletic performance. I remember relating to that so much.
19
Hans: When I first got into trail running, I had no intention of going pro. I did not think I was capable of that. All I knew was that I thought it was so cool to push myself to my limits and explore mountains. That was entirely intrinsic motivation.
20
Hans: I found so much value in that, and I want to thank you for it. You showed me that other people felt the same way, and I really appreciated that.
21
Kilian: Thanks, man. It is nice to inspire athletes like you to push things forward. You moved to Colorado so you could train more for this, and you are really committed.
22
Kilian: What does your training ecosystem look like? Do you have a coach? A nutritionist? A strength coach?
23
Hans: My coach is David Roche. I do not have a nutritionist, and my diet could definitely be better.
24
Kilian: Then you have something to improve. That is good. Knowing that there are things you can improve is always useful.
25
Hans: Absolutely. I focus more on calories than anything else, so I eat a lot of frozen pizza, burgers, and things like that. I know it could be better, but I am slowly adapting as I go.
26
Hans: David helps me a lot. I did my undergraduate degree in kinesiology, then went back and got my master's in kinesiology. I like exercise science, so I enjoy having a bit of a say in things like strength training. David and I talk about training in different ways, and it is fun for me to experiment.
27
Kilian: You have to find your own way and discover what works for you. The principle of individuality is something we often forget. We see someone doing something and think we should do the same, but we all adapt differently to different types of stimuli.
28
Hans: Definitely. With the age of media we live in now, you could almost say media can act as a coach. Listening to podcasts and reading books gives you access to so much information. It is a huge resource today.
29
Kilian: Yes, but the challenge is knowing which parts of that information are relevant and which are not. We have access to so much information, but it is difficult to separate what is truly useful from what is not.
30
Kilian: It is the same with other athletes. Talented people can do very stupid things and still have good results. You might see someone doing something and think, "I should do the same," but it may not be the right thing for you. Finding the right way takes time and experience.
31
Hans: Yes. Western States is in three days. I am from the United States, so that race really fits me. But I am also fascinated by UTMB, so I am racing CCC this year.
32
Kilian: I think that race will suit you well.
33
Hans: I think so too. It will be a good introduction to European racing. I have never been to Europe, so it should be a great introduction. But at least in my competitive career, I think Western States and UTMB will be my two target races.
34
Hans: We will see where that goes. Right now I am obsessed with the competitive side of the sport, but I also love adventures. Things like States of Elevation are so cool to me.
35
Hans: It was really cool that I got to come out for that. It was so windy and so cold. People asked what we talked about, and I told them that half the time we could barely hear each other because of the wind. But it was a really cool experience.
36
Hans: Maybe long adventures like that could be something for me later on. But right now I am pretty obsessed with Western States and UTMB.
37
Kilian: Those are huge goals, but you definitely have all the ingredients to succeed. As you said, you are a student of the sport. Understanding your body and how you function is very important if you want to win these races.
38
Hans: Do you have any advice for me, as someone early in my career trying to tackle these big goals?
39
Kilian: I think you already have this openness to learning, and to learning about your body. That is very important. In long-distance racing, it is a lot about resilience. At our level, almost everyone can run the first six, seven, or eight hours at the pace we run.
40
Kilian: But what happens from there to the finish line is what matters. In Western States, it might be the last five hours. In UTMB, it might be the last 10 hours. The question is who is more resilient metabolically, muscularly, and in every other way.
41
Kilian: That is difficult to figure out, and it requires experience. Your race here last year was very valuable because it probably helped you understand the race better. Small things you do can change the outcome. In a short race, they may not matter much, but in a long race they do.
42
Kilian: A lot of it is about listening to your body. You need to understand your fueling, your muscles, and what you are feeling. Can you eat a bit more? Do you need to eat a bit less? It is good to have a plan, but you also need to adapt while racing. You might say, "That was the plan, but now I feel I need to adjust it." That is very important in races like this.
43
Hans: Absolutely. I think you said something in one of your videos last year. You said you were chasing physiological changes over decades. I loved that. I thought that was so powerful because so many people are chasing quick fitness.
44
Hans: Real fitness comes from months and years of changing the body. I have used that quote all year when talking to people.
45
Kilian: We all want the easy solution. Take this pill and you will get stronger. Do this interval session and you will get stronger. But reality is not like that. When you look at successful athletes, they have been doing this for decades.
46
Kilian: Even successful young athletes have usually been practicing sport or physical activity for many years. Being able to stay healthy and train week after week, day after day, month after month, and year after year changes your biology. That is what makes you the athlete you are today.
47
Kilian: It is rare for young athletes to have that mindset. Many want to perform immediately. They say, "I want to train for four months and perform. What should I do?" The answer is to be patient. Things arrive over time. I think you have that mindset, and that will make you great.
48
Hans: That is good to hear. David and I talk about that a lot. I hope my competitive career will last another 12 to 14 years if everything goes according to plan. The question is how to train hard, stay fit, avoid injury, avoid overtraining, and be patient.
49
Kilian: It is better to be able to train every day for years than to do one crazy session and then be injured. I wish you the best of luck.
50
Hans: Thanks. Hopefully we can admire the terrain together again, like last year.
51
Hans: One of my memories from last year was when we were in the high country. I think you were right behind me, and I kept looking left. You said, "It's beautiful, isn't it?" Kilian: It is beautiful. We cannot take for granted that we are able to do this. It is amazing.
52
Hans: Absolutely. Thanks for having me on. This is really cool. And thanks for everything you have done for the sport. Like I said, I am a huge fan, and I am honored to be racing you again on Saturday.
53
Kilian: Same to you. I wish you the best of luck.
54
Hans: Perfect. This is exciting.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「In conversation with: Hans Troyer」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：Hans, Kilian, race, running, sport。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が54文、単語が2060語あります。 音声の長さは16:25です。 話す速さは1分あたり約126語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の84%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。 全54文のうち10文が疑問文なので、疑問文のイントネーションや短い受け答えの練習に向いています。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| athlete 名詞 | /ˈæθ.liːt/ | 陸上競技の選手, 陸上選手 |
| excite 動詞 | /ɪkˈsaɪt/ | 興奮させる |
| nutritionist 名詞 | /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ənɪst/ | 栄養士 |
| adapt 動詞 | /əˈdæpt/ | 適応する |
| fascinate 動詞 | /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ | 魅惑する |
| obsess 動詞 | /əbˈsɛs/ | 取り付く |
| mindset 名詞 | /ˈmaɪn(d)ˌsɛt/ | 考え方, 心理 |
| podcast 名詞 | /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ | ポッドキャスト |
| runner 名詞 | /ˈɹʌnɚ/ | 走者, ランナー |
| carbohydrate 名詞 | /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/ | 炭水化物, 含水炭素 |
| individuality 名詞 | /ˌɪndɪvɪd͡ʒuˈælɪti/ | 個性 |
| injure 動詞 | /ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ/ | 痛める, 傷付ける |
| intrigue 名詞 | /ˈɪntɹiːɡ/ | 陰謀 |
| oblivious 形容詞 | /əˈblɪviəs/ | 無自覚 |
| windy 形容詞 | /ˈwɪn.di/ | 風の吹く, 風の強い |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| find out 動詞 | 見出す, 調べる |
| go back 動詞 | 戻る, 帰る |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- How old are you now?
- Do you have a coach?
- Can you eat a bit more?
- Do you need to eat a bit less?
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了進行形 have/has been + -ing — 以前に始まり今も続いている動作 | have been running · have been doing · have usually been practicing |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have done · has won · have never been |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | were inspired · be injured |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | group, which is · everyone who has |
注意したい発音
話し手はI'm, don't, isn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を6回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, youthful /ˈjuθfəl/, athletic /æθˈlɛt.ɪk/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: nutritionist /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ənɪst/, kinesiology /kəˌni.ziˈɔ.lə.d͡ʒɪ/, carbohydrate /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/, individuality /ˌɪndɪvɪd͡ʒuˈælɪti/, physiological /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: resilient /ɹɪˈzɪl.jənt/, resilience /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/, calorie /ˈkæləɹi/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: individuality /ˌɪndɪvɪd͡ʒuˈælɪti/, oblivious /əˈblɪviəs/, interval /ˈɪntɚvəl/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/, physiological /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, youthful /ˈjuθfəl/, freeze /ˈfɹiːz/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。athlete, excite, nutritionistなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。