Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: In conversation with: Hans Troyer
Đang tạo bài học...
1
Kilian: How do you see yourself in the future, in running?
2
Hans: I'm a huge fan of both you and Jim Walmsley. You two are my top athletes in the sport, so of course I'm trying to do a lot of the things you both did.
3
Kilian: It's very cool to talk with you while you are still so young, almost like you are just starting. I remember being your age. How old are you now?
4
Hans: I'm 26.
5
Kilian: I remember that age being so fun. You are discovering races, discovering your capacities, and finding out what you are able to do. That excitement is something pretty unique.
6
Hans: It's a cool place to be. I was talking with Hayden Hawks two weeks ago, and we talked about the "Kilian effect." For the runners five years younger than you, there is this huge generation of trail runners who were inspired by you to start trail running. Obviously, that brought in some really talented people.
7
Hans: I feel like there has almost been a skip in generations. You don't see many 25-to-30-year-olds, so I feel like I'm in a unique spot, almost alone in my age group, which is interesting.
8
Kilian: Yes. You still have that youthful excitement, but at the same time you already have experience. You have been running for a few years, you know how to race, and you know how to execute. That makes it the perfect moment.
9
Kilian: What you have done over the last two years, breaking records and pushing limits, has been exciting to follow. It is cool to see how your generation is pushing the limits so much further.
10
Kilian: You are not afraid to look at what came before and think, "I can go faster." Jim Walmsley ran incredibly fast, and you think you can run faster. Jim probably saw Scott Jurek and thought the same thing. That is how the sport evolves, each generation looks at the one before and believes it can improve.
11
Hans: Yes, it's about taking notes, learning, and trying to improve. I also think the sport is professionalizing. In the past, people had a trail-running season, then a ski season, and so on. I grew up in Georgia, so there was no ski season. I just trained year-round.
12
Hans: With things like high-carb fueling and all the new knowledge, I listen to podcasts, read books, take notes, and try to be a student of the sport. I am willing to sacrifice a lot to do everything I can to get faster. I think it's a really cool time in the sport, and over the next 10 years we will probably see a lot of change.
13
Kilian: Yes. As you said, people are becoming more professional. Not only the athletes, but also the structures around them. Before, athletes might have been professional, but they were often alone. Now there are coaches, nutritionists, and many more people bringing knowledge into the sport.
14
Kilian: How did you end up doing Western States, coming from Georgia?
15
Hans: In college, when I was running, I started reading trail-running books. I read one of your books, Scott Jurek's books, Dean Karnazes, David Goggins, and others. In Scott Jurek's Eat and Run, he talked about Western States over and over again, and that intrigued me.
16
Hans: Then we started putting on the livestream for some of those years, so I started watching the race. At first, I was oblivious to how hard trail running actually is. I remember seeing the paces and thinking, "I could run that pace, that should be easy." Hans: Then I was surprised when I started running trail races and realized, no, these are very fast times. I quickly became fascinated by it. The prestige of Western States itself, and the fact that everyone who has won it is legendary, makes it really exciting for me to compete there.
17
Kilian: It is fun to see how people start trail running. You came from a track background, running in school, while other people come from mountain sports. But in the end we are all doing the same thing, running on trails.
18
Hans: I want to read more of your books, but I read Run or Die. In the early chapters you talked about the value you found in endurance and athletic performance. I remember relating to that so much.
19
Hans: When I first got into trail running, I had no intention of going pro. I did not think I was capable of that. All I knew was that I thought it was so cool to push myself to my limits and explore mountains. That was entirely intrinsic motivation.
20
Hans: I found so much value in that, and I want to thank you for it. You showed me that other people felt the same way, and I really appreciated that.
21
Kilian: Thanks, man. It is nice to inspire athletes like you to push things forward. You moved to Colorado so you could train more for this, and you are really committed.
22
Kilian: What does your training ecosystem look like? Do you have a coach? A nutritionist? A strength coach?
23
Hans: My coach is David Roche. I do not have a nutritionist, and my diet could definitely be better.
24
Kilian: Then you have something to improve. That is good. Knowing that there are things you can improve is always useful.
25
Hans: Absolutely. I focus more on calories than anything else, so I eat a lot of frozen pizza, burgers, and things like that. I know it could be better, but I am slowly adapting as I go.
26
Hans: David helps me a lot. I did my undergraduate degree in kinesiology, then went back and got my master's in kinesiology. I like exercise science, so I enjoy having a bit of a say in things like strength training. David and I talk about training in different ways, and it is fun for me to experiment.
27
Kilian: You have to find your own way and discover what works for you. The principle of individuality is something we often forget. We see someone doing something and think we should do the same, but we all adapt differently to different types of stimuli.
28
Hans: Definitely. With the age of media we live in now, you could almost say media can act as a coach. Listening to podcasts and reading books gives you access to so much information. It is a huge resource today.
29
Kilian: Yes, but the challenge is knowing which parts of that information are relevant and which are not. We have access to so much information, but it is difficult to separate what is truly useful from what is not.
30
Kilian: It is the same with other athletes. Talented people can do very stupid things and still have good results. You might see someone doing something and think, "I should do the same," but it may not be the right thing for you. Finding the right way takes time and experience.
31
Hans: Yes. Western States is in three days. I am from the United States, so that race really fits me. But I am also fascinated by UTMB, so I am racing CCC this year.
32
Kilian: I think that race will suit you well.
33
Hans: I think so too. It will be a good introduction to European racing. I have never been to Europe, so it should be a great introduction. But at least in my competitive career, I think Western States and UTMB will be my two target races.
34
Hans: We will see where that goes. Right now I am obsessed with the competitive side of the sport, but I also love adventures. Things like States of Elevation are so cool to me.
35
Hans: It was really cool that I got to come out for that. It was so windy and so cold. People asked what we talked about, and I told them that half the time we could barely hear each other because of the wind. But it was a really cool experience.
36
Hans: Maybe long adventures like that could be something for me later on. But right now I am pretty obsessed with Western States and UTMB.
37
Kilian: Those are huge goals, but you definitely have all the ingredients to succeed. As you said, you are a student of the sport. Understanding your body and how you function is very important if you want to win these races.
38
Hans: Do you have any advice for me, as someone early in my career trying to tackle these big goals?
39
Kilian: I think you already have this openness to learning, and to learning about your body. That is very important. In long-distance racing, it is a lot about resilience. At our level, almost everyone can run the first six, seven, or eight hours at the pace we run.
40
Kilian: But what happens from there to the finish line is what matters. In Western States, it might be the last five hours. In UTMB, it might be the last 10 hours. The question is who is more resilient metabolically, muscularly, and in every other way.
41
Kilian: That is difficult to figure out, and it requires experience. Your race here last year was very valuable because it probably helped you understand the race better. Small things you do can change the outcome. In a short race, they may not matter much, but in a long race they do.
42
Kilian: A lot of it is about listening to your body. You need to understand your fueling, your muscles, and what you are feeling. Can you eat a bit more? Do you need to eat a bit less? It is good to have a plan, but you also need to adapt while racing. You might say, "That was the plan, but now I feel I need to adjust it." That is very important in races like this.
43
Hans: Absolutely. I think you said something in one of your videos last year. You said you were chasing physiological changes over decades. I loved that. I thought that was so powerful because so many people are chasing quick fitness.
44
Hans: Real fitness comes from months and years of changing the body. I have used that quote all year when talking to people.
45
Kilian: We all want the easy solution. Take this pill and you will get stronger. Do this interval session and you will get stronger. But reality is not like that. When you look at successful athletes, they have been doing this for decades.
46
Kilian: Even successful young athletes have usually been practicing sport or physical activity for many years. Being able to stay healthy and train week after week, day after day, month after month, and year after year changes your biology. That is what makes you the athlete you are today.
47
Kilian: It is rare for young athletes to have that mindset. Many want to perform immediately. They say, "I want to train for four months and perform. What should I do?" The answer is to be patient. Things arrive over time. I think you have that mindset, and that will make you great.
48
Hans: That is good to hear. David and I talk about that a lot. I hope my competitive career will last another 12 to 14 years if everything goes according to plan. The question is how to train hard, stay fit, avoid injury, avoid overtraining, and be patient.
49
Kilian: It is better to be able to train every day for years than to do one crazy session and then be injured. I wish you the best of luck.
50
Hans: Thanks. Hopefully we can admire the terrain together again, like last year.
51
Hans: One of my memories from last year was when we were in the high country. I think you were right behind me, and I kept looking left. You said, "It's beautiful, isn't it?" Kilian: It is beautiful. We cannot take for granted that we are able to do this. It is amazing.
52
Hans: Absolutely. Thanks for having me on. This is really cool. And thanks for everything you have done for the sport. Like I said, I am a huge fan, and I am honored to be racing you again on Saturday.
53
Kilian: Same to you. I wish you the best of luck.
54
Hans: Perfect. This is exciting.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói trình độ B2 này dựa trên video “In conversation with: Hans Troyer”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: Hans, Kilian, race, running, sport. Video này có 54 câu và 2060 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 16:25. Người nói giữ tốc độ đều, khoảng 126 từ mỗi phút, vừa sức để nói đuổi theo. 84% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện. 10 trong 54 câu là câu hỏi, nên bài này hợp để luyện ngữ điệu câu hỏi và cách trả lời ngắn.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ khó nhất trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| athlete danh từ | /ˈæθ.liːt/ | vận động viên |
| mindset danh từ | /ˈmaɪn(d)ˌsɛt/ | tư duy, tư tưởng |
| runner danh từ | /ˈɹʌnɚ/ | người chạy |
| carbohydrate danh từ | /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/ | hyđat-cacbon, hợp chất than giống nước |
| oblivious tính từ | /əˈblɪviəs/ | tỉnh bơ, hay quên |
| resilient tính từ | /ɹɪˈzɪl.jənt/ | đàn hồi |
| windy tính từ | /ˈwɪn.di/ | có gió |
| resilience danh từ | /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/ | tính chống chịu |
| calorie danh từ | /ˈkæləɹi/ | ca-lo, ca-lo-ri |
| ingredient danh từ | /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/ | thành phần |
| prestige danh từ | /pɹɛsˈtiːd͡ʒ/ | uy tín, thanh thế |
| interval danh từ | /ˈɪntɚvəl/ | khoảng thời gian |
| ecosystem danh từ | /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ | hệ sinh thái |
| admire động từ | /ədˈmaɪɹ/ | khâm phục |
| pill danh từ | /pɪl/ | viên, viên thuốc |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| go back động từ | trở lại |
Những câu đáng luyện lại
Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:
- How old are you now?
- Do you have a coach?
- Can you eat a bit more?
- Do you need to eat a bit less?
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn have/has been + -ing — việc bắt đầu từ trước và vẫn đang tiếp tục | have been running · have been doing · have usually been practicing |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | have done · has won · have never been |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | were inspired · be injured |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | group, which is · everyone who has |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 6 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ I'm, don't, isn't. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, youthful /ˈjuθfəl/, athletic /æθˈlɛt.ɪk/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: nutritionist /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ənɪst/, kinesiology /kəˌni.ziˈɔ.lə.d͡ʒɪ/, carbohydrate /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/, individuality /ˌɪndɪvɪd͡ʒuˈælɪti/, physiological /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: nutritionist /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ənɪst/, adapt /əˈdæpt/, podcast /ˈpɑdˌkæst/, excitement /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/, resilient /ɹɪˈzɪl.jənt/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: kinesiology /kəˌni.ziˈɔ.lə.d͡ʒɪ/, individuality /ˌɪndɪvɪd͡ʒuˈælɪti/, injure /ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ/, physiological /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, prestige /pɹɛsˈtiːd͡ʒ/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, adapt /əˈdæpt/, fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/, podcast /ˈpɑdˌkæst/, individuality /ˌɪndɪvɪd͡ʒuˈælɪti/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Nói đuổi từng câu ở tốc độ bình thường, lặp lại mỗi câu đến khi nhịp của bạn khớp với người nói.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như athlete, mindset, runner.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.