シャドーイング練習: RE3 Unit 2A - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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Track 3.
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Reading 2A What is beauty?
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The search for beauty spans centuries and continents.
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Paintings of Egyptians dating back over 4,000 years show both men and women painting their nails and wearing makeup.
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On the other side of the globe,
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the ancient Maya of Central America considered crossed eyes beautiful and hung little balls between children's eyes to develop this look.
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In 18th century France, wealthy noblemen wore large wigs of long white hair to make themselves attractive.
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In cultures throughout the world, people have gone to extreme lengths to achieve beauty.
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Today, people continue to devote a lot of time and money to their appearance.
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According to a recent report, one out of three consumers globally say they are spending more money on beauty and health care products than ever before.
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Worldwide, sales of makeup, dieting, hair and skin care products, as well as gym memberships and cosmetic surgery,
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generate billions of dollars every year.
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And there is at least one good reason for the desire to be attractive.
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Beauty is power.
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Studies suggest that good-looking people make more money, get called on more often in class, and are perceived as friendlier.
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But what exactly is beauty?
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Trying to define it is difficult, and yet we know it when we see it.
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Or so we think.
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Beauty is health, says one psychologist.
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It's a billboard saying, I'm healthy.
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I can pass on your genes.
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And our awareness of it may start at a very early age.
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In one set of studies, six-month-old babies were shown a series of photographs.
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The faces in the pictures had been rated for attractiveness by a group of college students.
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In the studies, the babies spent more time looking at the attractive faces than the unattractive ones.
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The idea that even babies judge appearance makes perfect sense to many researchers.
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In studies done by psychologists,
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such as Victor Johnston at New Mexico State University and David Perrette at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland,
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men regularly showed a preference for women with certain features, larger eyes, clear skin, fuller lips,
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and a smaller nose and chin.
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Another study suggests that women prefer men with large shoulders and a narrow waist.
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According to scientists, the mind unconsciously tells men and women that these traits, the full lips, clear skin,
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strong shoulders, equal health, and genetic well-being.
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In other words, it's a fundamental part of human nature to look for these qualities in a mate.
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Not everyone agrees with this notion, however.
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Our hardwiredness can be altered by all sorts of expectations, predominantly cultural, says C.
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Loring Brace, an anthropologist at the University of Michigan.
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What is considered attractive in one culture might not be in another.
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Look in most Western fashion magazines, for example, and the women on the pages are thin.
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But is this the perfect body type for women worldwide?
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Douglas Yu, a biologist from Great Britain, and Glenn Shepard, an anthropologist at the University of California at Berkeley,
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say no. For them, what is considered beautiful is subjective and varies around the world.
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Ewan Shepard found in one study,
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for example, that native peoples in southeast Peru preferred shapes regarded as overweight in western cultures.
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Take another example.
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In every culture, one's hairstyle sends a clear message.
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In the huli culture of Papua New Guinea, men grow their hair long as a symbol of health and strength.
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boys in this culture learn from a young age to style and decorate their hair,
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a behavior more commonly associated with the opposite gender in many cultures.
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It is also the men in this culture who are the objects of beauty.
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For certain festivals and celebrations, men dress up and paint their faces.
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The more colorful a man is, the more masculine and attractive he is considered.
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For better or worse, beauty plays a role in our lives,
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but it is extremely difficult to define exactly what makes one person attractive to another.
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Although there do seem to be certain physical traits that are considered universally appealing,
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it is also true that beauty does not always conform to a single, uniform standard.
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In the end, beauty really is, as the saying goes, in the eye of the beholder.
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美とは何か？ 世界の文化と人間の性質
動画で英語学習をする際、「美」についての議論は日常会話や作文でよく使われるテーマです。この動画では、古代エジプトから現代まで、世界各地の文化で美の基準がどのように変わってきたか、そして科学的な視点から美の本質を探ります。英語スピーキング練習の際には、こうした幅広いトピックを使うことで、議論の幅が広がります。
実用的なフレーズとコロケーション
- go to extreme lengths to：～するために極端な手段を講じる。例：People have gone to extreme lengths to achieve beauty.（人々は美を求めて極端なことをしてきた）
- devote time and money to：～に時間とお金を費やす。例：Today, people continue to devote a lot of time and money to their appearance.（今日も人々は外見に多くの時間とお金を費やしている）
- perceived as：～として認識される。例：Good-looking people are perceived as friendlier.（見た目の良い人はより親切だと思われる）
- hardwiredness can be altered by：本能は～によって変えられる。例：Our hardwiredness can be altered by cultural expectations.（私たちの本能は文化的な期待によって変えられる）
shadow speakのチャレンジ
shadow speechの練習では、動画の音声に合わせてリピートし、発音やイントネーションを真似ましょう。特に、「Beauty is power.」「What is considered attractive in one culture might not be in another.」という文を選び、3回ずつ繰り返します。繰り返す際は、スピーカーの息継ぎや強調する単語に注意して、自然な流れを再現してください。この練習で、英語のリズムを身につけることができます。shadowspeaksの技法を使うことで、スピーキングの fluency（流暢さ）が向上します。
この動画を使った練習で、美についての英語表現だけでなく、文化や科学に関する語彙も増やすことができます。ぜひ今日からshadow speakの練習を始めてみてください！
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。