シャドーイング練習: RE2 Unit 11B - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Track 22, Reading 11B The Limits of Lying Lying is a part of human nature, but how far will people go?

Psychologist Dan Ariely became interested in dishonesty about 15 years ago.

During a long -distance flight, he came across an IQ test in a magazine.

He answered the first question and checked the answer key to see if he got it right.

He then took a quick look at the next answer before looking back at the quiz.

He continued in this way through the whole test.

Not surprisingly, he scored very well.

When I finished, I thought, I cheated myself, he says.

So why did he do it?

Presumably, I wanted to know how smart I am, but I also wanted to prove I'm this smart to myself.

The experience led Ariely to develop a lifelong interest in the study of lying and other forms of dishonesty.

To find out more about lying habits, Ariely developed a series of studies known as the Matrix Experiments.

In the experiments, volunteers completed a test with 20 simple math problems.

They were given five minutes to solve as many as they could.

For each correct answer, they were told they would receive a sum of money.

When the time was up, the volunteers counted the number of problems they solved correctly.

They were then asked to destroy their answer sheets in a shredder.

After reporting their own test scores, they were paid accordingly.

However, there was something the volunteers didn't know.

Their answer sheets were never actually destroyed.

By comparing actual test scores to reported scores, Ariely's research team found out how many volunteers lied and how much they lied by.

The results?

Of the 40 ,000 people who participated in the experiment, nearly 70 % lied about their test score.

On average, volunteers said they solved six problems, but it was closer to four.

The results are similar across different cultures.

Most of us lie, but only a little.

The question Ariely finds most interesting is not why so many of us lie, but rather why we don't lie a lot more.

In one version of the experiment, participants were offered significantly more money for each correct answer.

However, this did not cause them to cheat more.

Here we give people a chance to steal lots of money, and people cheat only a little bit

so something stops us most of us from not lying all the way arieli says the reason he believes is

that we want to see ourselves as honest because honesty is a value taught to us by society

this is why most of us place limits on how much

we lie we may be able to come up with an

excuse for taking post -it notes from an office fairly easily

but it is much more difficult to come up with an excuse for taking $10 ,000, Ariely explains.

The extent of our lying is determined largely by what is acceptable by society.

Cheating is easier, he says, when we can justify our behaviour.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「RE2 Unit 11B」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：lying, answer, test, Ariely, volunteers。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が38文、単語が500語あります。音声の長さは3:20です。話す速さは1分あたり約150語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。単語の83%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
volunteer 名詞	/ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/	有志, ボランティア
experiment 名詞	/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/	実験
cheat 動詞	/ˈt͡ʃiːt/	騙す, まやかす
solve 動詞	/sɒlv/	解決する
sheet 名詞	/ʃit/	枚, シート
extent 名詞	/ɪkˈstɛnt/	程度
compare 動詞	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	比べる, 比較する
participate 動詞	/pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/	参加する
steal 動詞	/stiːl/	盗む
habit 名詞	/ˈhæb.ɪt/	習慣
justify 動詞	/ˈd͡ʒʌstɪfaɪ/	言い開く
surprisingly 副詞	/səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/	驚くほど, 意外に
presumably 副詞	/pɹɪˈzuːməbli/	おそらく, 思うに
honesty 名詞	/ˈɑ.nɪ.sti/	正直
quiz 名詞	/kwɪz/	クイズ

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
find out 動詞	見出す, 調べる

注意したい発音

話し手はdidn't, don't, I'mなど、短縮形や弱形を3回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「sh」と「zh」の音: sheet /ʃit/, shredder /ʃɹɛdə(ɹ)/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, participate /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, acceptable /əkˈsɛp.tə.bəl/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, presumably /pɹɪˈzuːməbli/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: volunteer /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/, correctly /kəˈɹɛk(t).li/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, presumably /pɹɪˈzuːməbli/, accordingly /əˈkɔɹ.dɪŋ.li/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: volunteer /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/, solve /sɒlv/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: justify /ˈd͡ʒʌstɪfaɪ/, lifelong /ˈlaɪf.lɔːŋ/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。volunteer, experiment, cheatなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: RE2 Unit 11B - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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