शैडोइंग अभ्यास: RE2 Unit 11B - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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Track 22, Reading 11B The Limits of Lying Lying is a part of human nature, but how far will people go?
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Psychologist Dan Ariely became interested in dishonesty about 15 years ago.
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During a long -distance flight, he came across an IQ test in a magazine.
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He answered the first question and checked the answer key to see if he got it right.
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He then took a quick look at the next answer before looking back at the quiz.
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He continued in this way through the whole test.
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Not surprisingly, he scored very well.
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When I finished, I thought, I cheated myself, he says.
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So why did he do it?
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Presumably, I wanted to know how smart I am, but I also wanted to prove I'm this smart to myself.
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The experience led Ariely to develop a lifelong interest in the study of lying and other forms of dishonesty.
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To find out more about lying habits, Ariely developed a series of studies known as the Matrix Experiments.
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In the experiments, volunteers completed a test with 20 simple math problems.
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They were given five minutes to solve as many as they could.
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For each correct answer, they were told they would receive a sum of money.
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When the time was up, the volunteers counted the number of problems they solved correctly.
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They were then asked to destroy their answer sheets in a shredder.
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After reporting their own test scores, they were paid accordingly.
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However, there was something the volunteers didn't know.
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Their answer sheets were never actually destroyed.
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By comparing actual test scores to reported scores, Ariely's research team found out how many volunteers lied and how much they lied by.
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The results?
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Of the 40 ,000 people who participated in the experiment, nearly 70 % lied about their test score.
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On average, volunteers said they solved six problems, but it was closer to four.
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The results are similar across different cultures.
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Most of us lie, but only a little.
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The question Ariely finds most interesting is not why so many of us lie, but rather why we don't lie a lot more.
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In one version of the experiment, participants were offered significantly more money for each correct answer.
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However, this did not cause them to cheat more.
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Here we give people a chance to steal lots of money, and people cheat only a little bit
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so something stops us most of us from not lying all the way arieli says the reason he believes is
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that we want to see ourselves as honest because honesty is a value taught to us by society
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this is why most of us place limits on how much
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we lie we may be able to come up with an
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excuse for taking post -it notes from an office fairly easily
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but it is much more difficult to come up with an excuse for taking $10 ,000, Ariely explains.
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The extent of our lying is determined largely by what is acceptable by society.
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Cheating is easier, he says, when we can justify our behaviour.

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “RE2 Unit 11B” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: lying, answer, test, Ariely, volunteers। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 38 वाक्य और 500 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 3:20 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 150 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। 83% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
volunteer संज्ञा/ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/स्वयंसेवक, वालंटियर
experiment संज्ञा/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/प्रयोग, तजुर्बा
cheat क्रिया/ˈt͡ʃiːt/छलना
solve क्रिया/sɒlv/सुलझाना, हल करना
sheet संज्ञा/ʃit/पत्र, चद्दर
extent संज्ञा/ɪkˈstɛnt/विस्तार
compare क्रिया/kəmˈpɛɚ/तौलना
participate क्रिया/pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/भाग लेना, हिस्सा लेना
steal क्रिया/stiːl/चुराना
acceptable विशेषण/əkˈsɛp.tə.bəl/स्वीकार्य
habit संज्ञा/ˈhæb.ɪt/अभ्यास, आदत
honesty संज्ञा/ˈɑ.nɪ.sti/सच्चाई
quiz संज्ञा/kwɪz/क्विज़, प्रश्नोत्तरी
participant संज्ञा/pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/भागी, भागिनी
lifelong विशेषण/ˈlaɪf.lɔːŋ/आजीवन

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 3 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे didn't, don't, I'm। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: sheet /ʃit/, shredder /ʃɹɛdə(ɹ)/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, participate /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, acceptable /əkˈsɛp.tə.bəl/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, presumably /pɹɪˈzuːməbli/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

  • /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: volunteer /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/, solve /sɒlv/, quiz /kwɪz/
  • /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, presumably /pɹɪˈzuːməbli/, quiz /kwɪz/
  • /æ/ — “ऐ” से ज़्यादा खुला: math /mæθ/, habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर volunteer, experiment, cheat जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →