跟读练习: RE2 Unit 11B - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Track 22, Reading 11B The Limits of Lying Lying is a part of human nature, but how far will people go?

Psychologist Dan Ariely became interested in dishonesty about 15 years ago.

During a long -distance flight, he came across an IQ test in a magazine.

He answered the first question and checked the answer key to see if he got it right.

He then took a quick look at the next answer before looking back at the quiz.

He continued in this way through the whole test.

Not surprisingly, he scored very well.

When I finished, I thought, I cheated myself, he says.

So why did he do it?

Presumably, I wanted to know how smart I am, but I also wanted to prove I'm this smart to myself.

The experience led Ariely to develop a lifelong interest in the study of lying and other forms of dishonesty.

To find out more about lying habits, Ariely developed a series of studies known as the Matrix Experiments.

In the experiments, volunteers completed a test with 20 simple math problems.

They were given five minutes to solve as many as they could.

For each correct answer, they were told they would receive a sum of money.

When the time was up, the volunteers counted the number of problems they solved correctly.

They were then asked to destroy their answer sheets in a shredder.

After reporting their own test scores, they were paid accordingly.

However, there was something the volunteers didn't know.

Their answer sheets were never actually destroyed.

By comparing actual test scores to reported scores, Ariely's research team found out how many volunteers lied and how much they lied by.

The results?

Of the 40 ,000 people who participated in the experiment, nearly 70 % lied about their test score.

On average, volunteers said they solved six problems, but it was closer to four.

The results are similar across different cultures.

Most of us lie, but only a little.

The question Ariely finds most interesting is not why so many of us lie, but rather why we don't lie a lot more.

In one version of the experiment, participants were offered significantly more money for each correct answer.

However, this did not cause them to cheat more.

Here we give people a chance to steal lots of money, and people cheat only a little bit

so something stops us most of us from not lying all the way arieli says the reason he believes is

that we want to see ourselves as honest because honesty is a value taught to us by society

this is why most of us place limits on how much

we lie we may be able to come up with an

excuse for taking post -it notes from an office fairly easily

but it is much more difficult to come up with an excuse for taking $10 ,000, Ariely explains.

The extent of our lying is determined largely by what is acceptable by society.

Cheating is easier, he says, when we can justify our behaviour.

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RE2 Unit 10A

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“RE2 Unit 11B”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：lying, answer, test, Ariely, volunteers。这段视频共有 38 个句子、500 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 3:20。说话人语速自然，每分钟约 150 个词，接近日常对话。 83% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
volunteer 名词	/ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/	志願者 /志愿者
experiment 名词	/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/	實驗 /实验
cheat 动词	/ˈt͡ʃiːt/	作弊, 使诈
solve 动词	/sɒlv/	解決 /解决
sheet 名词	/ʃit/	篇, 張 /张
extent 名词	/ɪkˈstɛnt/	範圍 /范围
compare 动词	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	比, 比較 /比较
participate 动词	/pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/	參加 /参加
steal 动词	/stiːl/	偷, 盜 /盗
acceptable 形容词	/əkˈsɛp.tə.bəl/	可接受的
habit 名词	/ˈhæb.ɪt/	習慣 /习惯
justify 动词	/ˈd͡ʒʌstɪfaɪ/	辯解 /辩解, 辯護 /辩护
surprisingly 副词	/səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/	竟, 竟然
presumably 副词	/pɹɪˈzuːməbli/	大概, 想必
honesty 名词	/ˈɑ.nɪ.sti/	誠實 /诚实

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
come up with 动词	想出, 提出
find out 动词	找出, 查明

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 3 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 didn't, don't, I'm。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: sheet /ʃit/, shredder /ʃɹɛdə(ɹ)/
长单词——注意重音位置: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, participate /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, acceptable /əkˈsɛp.tə.bəl/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, presumably /pɹɪˈzuːməbli/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: volunteer /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/, solve /sɒlv/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, cheat /ˈt͡ʃiːt/, solve /sɒlv/, sheet /ʃit/, extent /ɪkˈstɛnt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: volunteer /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/, correctly /kəˈɹɛk(t).li/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, presumably /pɹɪˈzuːməbli/, accordingly /əˈkɔɹ.dɪŋ.li/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 volunteer, experiment, cheat 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

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