跟读练习: RE2 Unit 11A - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Track 21.

Reading 11a.

The Knowledge Illusion.

A bat and a ball cost $1 .10 in total.

The bat costs $1 more than the ball.

How much does the ball cost?

If you answer $0 .10, you're not alone.

Most people give the same answer.

The correct answer is $0 .05.

It's an example of how we often rely on intuitive responses, answers we feel are true.

People give answers that pop into their mind, says cognitive scientist Stephen Sloman.

We don't spend much time reflecting and checking whether the answer is right or wrong.

The bat and ball question helps explain why we often believe in fake news.

It is part of human nature to believe, says Sloman, but the trick with fake news is to know to verify,

in other words, to stop and question what you know.

In one experiment, Sloman and a colleague invented a discovery called helium rain.

They told a group of volunteers about it, but admitted they could not fully explain what it was.

They then asked the volunteers to rate their own understanding of helium rain.

Most volunteers rated themselves one out of seven, meaning they did not understand the concept.

The researchers then told another group of volunteers about the discovery.

This time, they said that scientists could fully explain how it works.

When asked to rate their understanding, the volunteers gave an average answer of two.

The scientists' confidence gave the volunteers an increased sense of their own understanding, Sloman says.

According to Sloman, studies show that knowledge spreads like a contagion.

This idea can be seen in many fields, including politics.

If everyone around you is saying they understand why a politician is crooked, Sloman says, then you're going to start thinking that you understand too.

Another explanation for the spread of fake news is motivated reasoning, writes Adam Waits, a management professor at the Kellogg School.

We are naturally more likely to believe things that confirm our existing opinions.

If you already have a negative opinion about someone, you're more likely to trust damaging stories about them.

Over time, Waits argues, motivated reasoning can lead to a false social consensus.

So, in a world where misleading information is common, is there a way to protect ourselves?

I don't think it's possible to train individuals to verify everything that they encounter, Sloman admits.

It is just too human to believe what you're told.

However, training people to care about fact -checking is important, he argues, especially in online communities.

Think of the headlines and stories that are shared on your social media feed every day.

Probably these fit in with your own worldview, but perhaps not all of them are true.

Develop a norm in your community that says we should check things and not just take them at face value, Sloman says.

Verify before you believe.

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RE2 Unit 10A

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“RE2 Unit 11A”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：Sloman, answer, volunteers, ball, verify。这段视频共有 38 个句子、470 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 3:27。说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 136 个词，很适合跟读。 83% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
volunteer 名词	/ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/	志願者 /志愿者
scientist 名词	/ˈsaɪəntəst/	科學家 /科学家
verify 动词	/ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/	校驗 /校验, 驗證 /验证
argue 动词	/ˈɑɹ.ɡju/	辯論 /辩论, 爭辯 /争辩
discovery 名词	/dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/	發現 /发现
motivate 动词	/ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/	激发
trick 名词	/ˈtɹɪk/	詭計 /诡计, 騙術 /骗术
explanation 名词	/ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/	解釋 /解释, 說明 /说明
confirm 动词	/kənˈfɝm/	證實 /证实, 確認 /确认
reflect 动词	/ɹɪˈflɛkt/	反映, 反射
experiment 名词	/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/	實驗 /实验
rely 动词	/ɹɪˈlaɪ/	依賴 /依赖, 依靠
encounter 动词	/ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/	遇到, 遇見 /遇见
rat 名词	/ɹæt/	лочў, 鳥鼠 /鸟鼠
politician 名词	/ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/	政治家, 從政者 /从政者

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 6 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, don't。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/
长单词——注意重音位置: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/, intuitive /ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: volunteer /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/, verify /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/, discovery /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/, motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/, trick /ˈtɹɪk/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: volunteer /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, rely /ɹɪˈlaɪ/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 volunteer, scientist, verify 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: RE2 Unit 11A - 通过视频学习英语口语

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本课的词汇与口语要点

视频中的重点词汇

需要注意的发音

如何用这段视频练习

什么是跟读法？