Prática de Shadowing: RE2 Unit 11A - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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Track 21.

Reading 11a.

The Knowledge Illusion.

A bat and a ball cost $1 .10 in total.

The bat costs $1 more than the ball.

How much does the ball cost?

If you answer $0 .10, you're not alone.

Most people give the same answer.

The correct answer is $0 .05.

It's an example of how we often rely on intuitive responses, answers we feel are true.

People give answers that pop into their mind, says cognitive scientist Stephen Sloman.

We don't spend much time reflecting and checking whether the answer is right or wrong.

The bat and ball question helps explain why we often believe in fake news.

It is part of human nature to believe, says Sloman, but the trick with fake news is to know to verify,

in other words, to stop and question what you know.

In one experiment, Sloman and a colleague invented a discovery called helium rain.

They told a group of volunteers about it, but admitted they could not fully explain what it was.

They then asked the volunteers to rate their own understanding of helium rain.

Most volunteers rated themselves one out of seven, meaning they did not understand the concept.

The researchers then told another group of volunteers about the discovery.

This time, they said that scientists could fully explain how it works.

When asked to rate their understanding, the volunteers gave an average answer of two.

The scientists' confidence gave the volunteers an increased sense of their own understanding, Sloman says.

According to Sloman, studies show that knowledge spreads like a contagion.

This idea can be seen in many fields, including politics.

If everyone around you is saying they understand why a politician is crooked, Sloman says, then you're going to start thinking that you understand too.

Another explanation for the spread of fake news is motivated reasoning, writes Adam Waits, a management professor at the Kellogg School.

We are naturally more likely to believe things that confirm our existing opinions.

If you already have a negative opinion about someone, you're more likely to trust damaging stories about them.

Over time, Waits argues, motivated reasoning can lead to a false social consensus.

So, in a world where misleading information is common, is there a way to protect ourselves?

I don't think it's possible to train individuals to verify everything that they encounter, Sloman admits.

It is just too human to believe what you're told.

However, training people to care about fact -checking is important, he argues, especially in online communities.

Think of the headlines and stories that are shared on your social media feed every day.

Probably these fit in with your own worldview, but perhaps not all of them are true.

Develop a norm in your community that says we should check things and not just take them at face value, Sloman says.

Verify before you believe.

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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “RE2 Unit 11A”. As palavras que mais se repetem: Sloman, answer, volunteers, ball, verify. Este vídeo tem 38 frases e 470 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 3:27. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 136 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. 83% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:

Palavra	Pronúncia	Significado
volunteer substantivo	/ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/	voluntário
scientist substantivo	/ˈsaɪəntəst/	cientista
verify verbo	/ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/	verificar
argue verbo	/ˈɑɹ.ɡju/	discutir, argumentar
discovery substantivo	/dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/	descoberta
motivate verbo	/ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/	motivar
naturally advérbio	/ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/	naturalmente
trick substantivo	/ˈtɹɪk/	artimanha, truque
explanation substantivo	/ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/	explicação, explanação
confirm verbo	/kənˈfɝm/	firmar
reflect verbo	/ɹɪˈflɛkt/	refletir
experiment substantivo	/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/	experimento, experiência
rely verbo	/ɹɪˈlaɪ/	contar com
encounter verbo	/ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/	encontrar, deparar-se com
rat substantivo	/ɹæt/	ratazana, rato

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

O falante usa 6 contrações e formas reduzidas, como you're, don't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.

Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/
Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/, intuitive /ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv/

Sons difíceis para falantes de português:

Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/, trick /ˈtɹɪk/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/
/h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: headline /ˈhɛd.laɪn/, helium /ˈhiː.li.əm/

Como praticar com este vídeo

Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como volunteer, scientist, verify.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

Técnica de shadowing: leia o guia completo passo a passo →

Prática de Shadowing: RE2 Unit 11A - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

Como praticar com este vídeo

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?