跟讀練習: RE2 Unit 11A - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Track 21.

Reading 11a.

The Knowledge Illusion.

A bat and a ball cost $1 .10 in total.

The bat costs $1 more than the ball.

How much does the ball cost?

If you answer $0 .10, you're not alone.

Most people give the same answer.

The correct answer is $0 .05.

It's an example of how we often rely on intuitive responses, answers we feel are true.

People give answers that pop into their mind, says cognitive scientist Stephen Sloman.

We don't spend much time reflecting and checking whether the answer is right or wrong.

The bat and ball question helps explain why we often believe in fake news.

It is part of human nature to believe, says Sloman, but the trick with fake news is to know to verify,

in other words, to stop and question what you know.

In one experiment, Sloman and a colleague invented a discovery called helium rain.

They told a group of volunteers about it, but admitted they could not fully explain what it was.

They then asked the volunteers to rate their own understanding of helium rain.

Most volunteers rated themselves one out of seven, meaning they did not understand the concept.

The researchers then told another group of volunteers about the discovery.

This time, they said that scientists could fully explain how it works.

When asked to rate their understanding, the volunteers gave an average answer of two.

The scientists' confidence gave the volunteers an increased sense of their own understanding, Sloman says.

According to Sloman, studies show that knowledge spreads like a contagion.

This idea can be seen in many fields, including politics.

If everyone around you is saying they understand why a politician is crooked, Sloman says, then you're going to start thinking that you understand too.

Another explanation for the spread of fake news is motivated reasoning, writes Adam Waits, a management professor at the Kellogg School.

We are naturally more likely to believe things that confirm our existing opinions.

If you already have a negative opinion about someone, you're more likely to trust damaging stories about them.

Over time, Waits argues, motivated reasoning can lead to a false social consensus.

So, in a world where misleading information is common, is there a way to protect ourselves?

I don't think it's possible to train individuals to verify everything that they encounter, Sloman admits.

It is just too human to believe what you're told.

However, training people to care about fact -checking is important, he argues, especially in online communities.

Think of the headlines and stories that are shared on your social media feed every day.

Probably these fit in with your own worldview, but perhaps not all of them are true.

Develop a norm in your community that says we should check things and not just take them at face value, Sloman says.

Verify before you believe.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“RE2 Unit 11A”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：Sloman, answer, volunteers, ball, verify。這段影片共有 38 個句子、470 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 3:27。說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 136 個詞，很適合跟讀。 83% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
volunteer 名詞	/ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/	志願者 /志願者
scientist 名詞	/ˈsaɪəntəst/	科學家 /科學家
verify 動詞	/ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/	校驗 /校驗, 驗證 /驗證
argue 動詞	/ˈɑɹ.ɡju/	辯論 /辯論, 爭辯 /爭辯
discovery 名詞	/dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/	發現 /發現
motivate 動詞	/ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/	激發
trick 名詞	/ˈtɹɪk/	詭計 /詭計, 騙術 /騙術
explanation 名詞	/ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/	解釋 /解釋, 說明 /說明
confirm 動詞	/kənˈfɝm/	證實 /證實, 確認 /確認
reflect 動詞	/ɹɪˈflɛkt/	反映, 反射
experiment 名詞	/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/	實驗 /實驗
rely 動詞	/ɹɪˈlaɪ/	依賴 /依賴, 依靠
encounter 動詞	/ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/	遇到, 遇見 /遇見
rat 名詞	/ɹæt/	лочў, 鳥鼠 /鳥鼠
politician 名詞	/ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/	政治家, 從政者 /從政者

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 6 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 you're, don't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/
長單詞——注意重音位置: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/, intuitive /ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: volunteer /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/, verify /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/, discovery /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/, motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/, trick /ˈtɹɪk/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: volunteer /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, rely /ɹɪˈlaɪ/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 volunteer, scientist, verify 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: RE2 Unit 11A - 通過影片學習英語口語

選擇練習模式

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

影片中的重點詞彙

需要注意的發音

如何用這段影片練習

什麼是跟讀法？