Shadowing Practice: RE2 Unit 11A - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Track 21.
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Reading 11a.
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The Knowledge Illusion.
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A bat and a ball cost $1 .10 in total.
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The bat costs $1 more than the ball.
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How much does the ball cost?
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If you answer $0 .10, you're not alone.
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Most people give the same answer.
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The correct answer is $0 .05.
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It's an example of how we often rely on intuitive responses, answers we feel are true.
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People give answers that pop into their mind, says cognitive scientist Stephen Sloman.
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We don't spend much time reflecting and checking whether the answer is right or wrong.
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The bat and ball question helps explain why we often believe in fake news.
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It is part of human nature to believe, says Sloman, but the trick with fake news is to know to verify,
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in other words, to stop and question what you know.
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In one experiment, Sloman and a colleague invented a discovery called helium rain.
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They told a group of volunteers about it, but admitted they could not fully explain what it was.
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They then asked the volunteers to rate their own understanding of helium rain.
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Most volunteers rated themselves one out of seven, meaning they did not understand the concept.
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The researchers then told another group of volunteers about the discovery.
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This time, they said that scientists could fully explain how it works.
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When asked to rate their understanding, the volunteers gave an average answer of two.
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The scientists' confidence gave the volunteers an increased sense of their own understanding, Sloman says.
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According to Sloman, studies show that knowledge spreads like a contagion.
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This idea can be seen in many fields, including politics.
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If everyone around you is saying they understand why a politician is crooked, Sloman says, then you're going to start thinking that you understand too.
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Another explanation for the spread of fake news is motivated reasoning, writes Adam Waits, a management professor at the Kellogg School.
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We are naturally more likely to believe things that confirm our existing opinions.
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If you already have a negative opinion about someone, you're more likely to trust damaging stories about them.
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Over time, Waits argues, motivated reasoning can lead to a false social consensus.
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So, in a world where misleading information is common, is there a way to protect ourselves?
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I don't think it's possible to train individuals to verify everything that they encounter, Sloman admits.
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It is just too human to believe what you're told.
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However, training people to care about fact -checking is important, he argues, especially in online communities.
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Think of the headlines and stories that are shared on your social media feed every day.
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Probably these fit in with your own worldview, but perhaps not all of them are true.
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Develop a norm in your community that says we should check things and not just take them at face value, Sloman says.
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Verify before you believe.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “RE2 Unit 11A”. Las palabras que más se repiten: Sloman, answer, volunteers, ball, verify. Este vídeo tiene 38 frases y 470 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 3:27. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 136 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 83 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
volunteer sustantivo/ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/voluntario
scientist sustantivo/ˈsaɪəntəst/científico, científica
verify verbo/ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/verificar
argue verbo/ˈɑɹ.ɡju/argüir, argumentar
discovery sustantivo/dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/descubrimiento, hallazgo
motivate verbo/ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/motivar
naturally adverbio/ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/naturalmente, a natura
trick sustantivo/ˈtɹɪk/truco, artimaña
explanation sustantivo/ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/explicación
confirm verbo/kənˈfɝm/confirmar
reflect verbo/ɹɪˈflɛkt/reflejar, reflectar
experiment sustantivo/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/experimento
rely verbo/ɹɪˈlaɪ/atenerse, fiarse
encounter verbo/ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/encontrar, encontrarse
rat sustantivo/ɹæt/rata

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

El hablante usa 6 contracciones y formas reducidas, como you're, don't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.

  • Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/
  • Palabras largas — cuida el acento: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/, intuitive /ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

  • /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: volunteer /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/, verify /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/, discovery /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/, motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/
  • /h/ — una aspiración suave, no la “j”: headline /ˈhɛd.laɪn/, helium /ˈhiː.li.əm/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

  1. Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
  2. Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
  3. Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como volunteer, scientist, verify.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →