シャドーイング練習: [Lecture Ready3] Ch10 Lecture2 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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Hi.
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We're a bit behind schedule, so let's just dive right in today.
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Today, we're going to continue our discussion of the elements of design.
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We've talked about the use of space and light.
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And now, today, we're going to be focusing on the use of color.
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Color is a key part of the success of any project.
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And it's the most personal and emotional of all the elements.
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Every person has colors they like and don't like.
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But, research has shown that there are patterns in the way people respond to color.
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Some of these responses are more physical, so that means more universal.
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And others are more learned.
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The research I'm talking about comes from many types of studies studies.
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Take, for example, physiological studies.
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Studies that look at how color affects body temperature,
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heart rate, brain activity, and emotional states.
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The Kuhler reading that I assigned you talks about this.
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In one of the articles,
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I assigned the use of space some physiological and philosophical aspects,
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Kuhler states that the color of an environment can have a big effect on heart rate and emotional feeling.
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And he presents research to back up those ideas.
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For example, very bright colors, colors with a lot of intensity,
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especially red and yellow tend to excite people more, while white or grey walls seem to cause the opposite reaction.
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They create a feeling of boredom or depression.
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According to Kuehler, this is because they aren't stimulating colors for the eye and brain.
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Okay.
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Now, Kuehler was talking about general human responses, physiological responses that most humans have.
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Physiological equal universal.
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There are also learned responses, responses to a color that you are taught by your culture.
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For example, colors you associate with holidays, or your favorite sports team,
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pink is for girls, blue is for boys, that kind of thing.
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People from the same culture often respond to colors in the same way.
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Now, researchers have studied these physiological and learned responses to color in many ways.
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They've studied things like how colors impact businesses like stores and restaurants,
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in terms of customer buying behavior and service satisfaction.
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And it turns out that this is very interesting.
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So, today we're going to look at the impact of color.
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Some of the generalizations that we can make based on these studies.
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So that you can make good choices someday when you're planning different types of interior spaces.
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Okay, one thing to consider is the lightness or darkness, the value of a color.
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Let me give you an example.
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Let's look at the color wheel for a minute here.
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OK.
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You've all seen one of these, I hope.
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OK.
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Well, you can see all the colors in varying degrees of lightness and darkness.
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Light red is pink.
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You see it there, right at the top?
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OK.
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Now, follow that row down toward the center and you'll see that dark red is the color we called Burgundy.
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Pink and Burgundy are part of the same color family.
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but are different values of red.
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You'll also notice another thing here.
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See how the dark colors like burgundy seem closer to the eye than lighter colors like pink?
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You can use this effect to change the appearance of space in a room or a hallway, for example.
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When used together, light and dark values, also called high contrast, can create a really dramatic effect.
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Colors close in value make the environment calmer.
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I'll show you some examples of this later.
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Let's move away from color value now and move on to look at the impact of color families.
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In other words, groups of colors that are near each other on the color wheel.
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Warm colors like the red, orange, and yellow you see there in the top right areas?
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Those are stimulating and dynamic, so they are good for rooms where there will be a lot of activity.
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Or you want to encourage activity, like a child's playroom, for example.
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Warm colors also make a room feel physically warmer.
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In a letter to his brother, Vincent van Gogh, said that yellow is wonderful because it stands for the sun.
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This may be a universal association.
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We associate this color with the sun, so it makes us feel warmer.
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These warm colors also tend to make people feel happier.
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To most people they feel cozy and comfortable.
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Cool colors like blues, greens, and violets, there on the bottom left, those tend to be calming.
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They're associated with relaxation and activities that require deep thought.
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Be careful though, because they can also feel depressing and heavy.
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Cool colors also seem to lower the physical temperature of a room.
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So, you need to use these colors carefully.
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Okay, now let's talk about color harmony.
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The way colors feel together.
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Now, color harmony can be difficult because most colors are not pure.
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They're not exact.
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Most people won't paint a room pure blue.
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They may mix blue with black to make navy blue or they may mix it with purple to get royal blue.
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So most colors are actually a combination of colors.
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Now, in these mixtures, the dominant color is the main color we identify.
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The small amounts of other colors, or black, or white, or gray, that are mixed with a pure color,
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those are called the undertones.
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Identifying the nature of the undertones of a color is the first step to creating color harmony.
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Because generally speaking, different colors with similar undertones tend to harmonize the best.
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So let me explain.
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Usually, we evaluate the undertones of colors by value, lightness or darkness, or intensity,
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purity or dullness, or by their warmth or coolness.
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If these undertones are similar in the different colors of a room,
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the room is more aesthetically pleasing, more comfortable.
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If different colors in a space have different undertones, they don't harmonize.
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They make a person feel uncomfortable.
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So undertones are very important.
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But you can decide how harmonious you want a space to be.
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Let's look at a couple of examples of harmony in action.
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Okay, well, the aesthetics of traditional Japanese interior design.
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like this room, say that all colors must be subtly harmonious, as we see here.
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Similar colors and similar color values.
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And that works well in this setting.
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But in another setting, like a lounge,
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for instance, bold combinations might be more appropriate it.
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You see?
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You see, here there are big differences in color value and strong colors.
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Both of these designs are aesthetically pleasing and effective,
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depending on the purpose of the space and the aesthetics of the people who will use the space.
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Joseph Albers, an artist and teacher who studied and wrote a lot about color he once said
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and I quote in visual perception a color is almost
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never seen as it really is as it physically is what
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albers means is the color is seen differently depending on the surroundings what other colors are close by what light
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there is color is whatever we make of it okay I'll leave you with this thought
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because we're out of time so we'll pick it up next time all right thanks very much have a great day
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「[Lecture Ready3] Ch10 Lecture2」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：color, value, space, example, undertones。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が111文、単語が1203語あります。 音声の長さは11:46です。 話す速さはゆっくりで、1分あたり約102語です。一つ一つの音をまねる余裕があります。 単語の84%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| harmony 名詞 | /ˈhɑ̟ɹ.mə.ni/ | 調和 |
| universal 形容詞 | /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/ | 宇宙の |
| associate 名詞 | /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/ | 提携者 |
| darkness 名詞 | /ˈdɑɹk.nɪs/ | 闇, 暗黒 |
| element 名詞 | /ˈɛləmənt/ | 要素, エレメント |
| depend 動詞 | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | 依存する |
| intensity 名詞 | /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/ | 強度 |
| stimulate 動詞 | /ˈstɪm.jəˌleɪt/ | 刺激する |
| assign 動詞 | /əˈsaɪn/ | 割り当てる |
| aesthetics 名詞 | /ɛsˈθɛt.ɪks/ | 美学 |
| carefully 副詞 | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | じっくり, 慎重に |
| encourage 動詞 | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | 勇気付ける, 奨励する |
| gray 形容詞 | /ɡɹeɪ/ | 灰色, 鼠色 |
| aspect 名詞 | /ˈæspɛkt/ | 様相 |
| dramatic 形容詞 | /dɹəˈmætɪk/ | 劇的, ドラマティック |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- We've talked about the use of space and light.
- You've all seen one of these, I hope.
- You see it there, right at the top?
- You'll also notice another thing here.
- I'll show you some examples of this later.
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | We've talked · has shown · have studied |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | are also learned · are called · is seen |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | people who will · teacher who studied |
注意したい発音
話し手はwe're, don't, I'llなど、短縮形や弱形を21回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: aesthetics /ɛsˈθɛt.ɪks/, warmth /wɔɹmθ/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, satisfaction /sætɪsˈfækʃən/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: physiological /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, relaxation /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, vary /ˈvɛəɹi/, dive /daɪv/, evaluate /ɪˈvaljʊeɪt/, violet /ˈvaɪ.ə.lət/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: physiological /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, physically /ˈfɪz.ɪ.kli/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。harmony, universal, associateなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。