Практика Shadowing: [Lecture Ready3] Ch10 Lecture2 - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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Hi.
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We're a bit behind schedule, so let's just dive right in today.
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Today, we're going to continue our discussion of the elements of design.
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We've talked about the use of space and light.
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And now, today, we're going to be focusing on the use of color.
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Color is a key part of the success of any project.
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And it's the most personal and emotional of all the elements.
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Every person has colors they like and don't like.
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But, research has shown that there are patterns in the way people respond to color.
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Some of these responses are more physical, so that means more universal.
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And others are more learned.
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The research I'm talking about comes from many types of studies studies.
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Take, for example, physiological studies.
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Studies that look at how color affects body temperature,
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heart rate, brain activity, and emotional states.
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The Kuhler reading that I assigned you talks about this.
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In one of the articles,
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I assigned the use of space some physiological and philosophical aspects,
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Kuhler states that the color of an environment can have a big effect on heart rate and emotional feeling.
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And he presents research to back up those ideas.
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For example, very bright colors, colors with a lot of intensity,
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especially red and yellow tend to excite people more, while white or grey walls seem to cause the opposite reaction.
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They create a feeling of boredom or depression.
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According to Kuehler, this is because they aren't stimulating colors for the eye and brain.
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Okay.
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Now, Kuehler was talking about general human responses, physiological responses that most humans have.
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Physiological equal universal.
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There are also learned responses, responses to a color that you are taught by your culture.
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For example, colors you associate with holidays, or your favorite sports team,
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pink is for girls, blue is for boys, that kind of thing.
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People from the same culture often respond to colors in the same way.
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Now, researchers have studied these physiological and learned responses to color in many ways.
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They've studied things like how colors impact businesses like stores and restaurants,
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in terms of customer buying behavior and service satisfaction.
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And it turns out that this is very interesting.
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So, today we're going to look at the impact of color.
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Some of the generalizations that we can make based on these studies.
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So that you can make good choices someday when you're planning different types of interior spaces.
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Okay, one thing to consider is the lightness or darkness, the value of a color.
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Let me give you an example.
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Let's look at the color wheel for a minute here.
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OK.
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You've all seen one of these, I hope.
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OK.
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Well, you can see all the colors in varying degrees of lightness and darkness.
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Light red is pink.
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You see it there, right at the top?
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OK.
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Now, follow that row down toward the center and you'll see that dark red is the color we called Burgundy.
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Pink and Burgundy are part of the same color family.
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but are different values of red.
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You'll also notice another thing here.
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See how the dark colors like burgundy seem closer to the eye than lighter colors like pink?
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You can use this effect to change the appearance of space in a room or a hallway, for example.
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When used together, light and dark values, also called high contrast, can create a really dramatic effect.
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Colors close in value make the environment calmer.
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I'll show you some examples of this later.
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Let's move away from color value now and move on to look at the impact of color families.
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In other words, groups of colors that are near each other on the color wheel.
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Warm colors like the red, orange, and yellow you see there in the top right areas?
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Those are stimulating and dynamic, so they are good for rooms where there will be a lot of activity.
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Or you want to encourage activity, like a child's playroom, for example.
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Warm colors also make a room feel physically warmer.
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In a letter to his brother, Vincent van Gogh, said that yellow is wonderful because it stands for the sun.
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This may be a universal association.
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We associate this color with the sun, so it makes us feel warmer.
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These warm colors also tend to make people feel happier.
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To most people they feel cozy and comfortable.
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Cool colors like blues, greens, and violets, there on the bottom left, those tend to be calming.
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They're associated with relaxation and activities that require deep thought.
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Be careful though, because they can also feel depressing and heavy.
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Cool colors also seem to lower the physical temperature of a room.
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So, you need to use these colors carefully.
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Okay, now let's talk about color harmony.
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The way colors feel together.
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Now, color harmony can be difficult because most colors are not pure.
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They're not exact.
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Most people won't paint a room pure blue.
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They may mix blue with black to make navy blue or they may mix it with purple to get royal blue.
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So most colors are actually a combination of colors.
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Now, in these mixtures, the dominant color is the main color we identify.
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The small amounts of other colors, or black, or white, or gray, that are mixed with a pure color,
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those are called the undertones.
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Identifying the nature of the undertones of a color is the first step to creating color harmony.
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Because generally speaking, different colors with similar undertones tend to harmonize the best.
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So let me explain.
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Usually, we evaluate the undertones of colors by value, lightness or darkness, or intensity,
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purity or dullness, or by their warmth or coolness.
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If these undertones are similar in the different colors of a room,
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the room is more aesthetically pleasing, more comfortable.
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If different colors in a space have different undertones, they don't harmonize.
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They make a person feel uncomfortable.
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So undertones are very important.
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But you can decide how harmonious you want a space to be.
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Let's look at a couple of examples of harmony in action.
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Okay, well, the aesthetics of traditional Japanese interior design.
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like this room, say that all colors must be subtly harmonious, as we see here.
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Similar colors and similar color values.
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And that works well in this setting.
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But in another setting, like a lounge,
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for instance, bold combinations might be more appropriate it.
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You see?
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You see, here there are big differences in color value and strong colors.
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Both of these designs are aesthetically pleasing and effective,
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depending on the purpose of the space and the aesthetics of the people who will use the space.
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Joseph Albers, an artist and teacher who studied and wrote a lot about color he once said
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and I quote in visual perception a color is almost
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never seen as it really is as it physically is what
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albers means is the color is seen differently depending on the surroundings what other colors are close by what light
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there is color is whatever we make of it okay I'll leave you with this thought
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because we're out of time so we'll pick it up next time all right thanks very much have a great day
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «[Lecture Ready3] Ch10 Lecture2». Чаще всего повторяются слова: color, value, space, example, undertones. В этом видео 111 предложений и 1203 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 11:46. Говорящий говорит медленно, около 102 слов в минуту, поэтому есть время повторить каждый звук. 84% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| physiological прилагательное | /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ | физиологи́ческий |
| harmony существительное | /ˈhɑ̟ɹ.mə.ni/ | созву́чие, согла́сие |
| universal прилагательное | /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/ | вселе́нский, косми́ческий |
| associate существительное | /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/ | партнёр, партнёрша |
| darkness существительное | /ˈdɑɹk.nɪs/ | темнота́, тьма |
| element существительное | /ˈɛləmənt/ | элеме́нт, звено́ |
| physically наречие | /ˈfɪz.ɪ.kli/ | физи́чески |
| depend глагол | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | зави́сеть |
| intensity существительное | /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/ | интенси́вность |
| stimulate глагол | /ˈstɪm.jəˌleɪt/ | стимули́ровать |
| assign глагол | /əˈsaɪn/ | назнача́ть, назна́чить |
| aesthetics существительное | /ɛsˈθɛt.ɪks/ | эсте́тика |
| carefully наречие | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | осторо́жно, аккура́тно |
| contrast существительное | /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/ | контра́ст |
| encourage глагол | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | ободря́ть, обо́дрить |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| back up глагол | дава́ть за́дний ход |
| turn out глагол | ока́зываться, оказа́ться |
Фразы, которые стоит повторять
Короткие законченные фразы из видео, которые пригодятся в повседневном разговоре:
- We've talked about the use of space and light.
- You've all seen one of these, I hope.
- You see it there, right at the top?
- You'll also notice another thing here.
- I'll show you some examples of this later.
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | We've talked · has shown · have studied |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | are also learned · are called · is seen |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | people who will · teacher who studied |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 21 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например we're, don't, I'll. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: aesthetics /ɛsˈθɛt.ɪks/, warmth /wɔɹmθ/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, satisfaction /sætɪsˈfækʃən/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: physiological /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: warmth /wɔɹmθ/, hallway /ˈhɔlˌweɪ/
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: harmony /ˈhɑ̟ɹ.mə.ni/, hallway /ˈhɔlˌweɪ/, harmonious /hɑɹˈmoʊni.əs/, harmonize /ˈhɑɹ.mə.naɪz/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, encourage /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/, bold /ˈbəʊld/, dive /daɪv/, lounge /ˈlaʊ̯nd͡ʒ/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как physiological, harmony, universal.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.