シャドーイング練習: Video 2: Shape - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
1
Along with lines, shapes are a major building block of composition and are critical to each storyboard and film frame.
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We begin with primitive or basic shapes which even on their own can imply emotions.
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For example, triangles can convey action, speed, or tension.
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Circles appear friendly and squares seem reliable and stable.
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Many of our characters and rules begin as two or three shapes stuck together.
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A friendly circle on top of a strong stable square body creates Mr. Incredible.
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We can take a circle which is friendly and a triangle
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which is active and we have Dash from the Incredibles who is both of those things.
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Although we may start with primitive shapes they evolve in a fluid way to look more organic as we add more details.
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And with more detail we can convey more information, meaning, or emotion.
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This leads to what we call a silhouette, which is a filled-in outline of an object.
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Each of our characters would hopefully be immediately identifiable from their silhouette.
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Check it out!
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Now let's return to the storyboards and concept art from UP and ask our artists what they see.
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With UP we thought well Carl and Ellie should play off of each other.
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They should almost be opposites in a way, even though they complement, they are opposites.
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And we thought, well, Carl would be this square shape here who's basically got these sort of drab, earth-tone colors as a square.
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And Ellie would sort of be represented by this circular, lighter shape as well.
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And she would be colored magenta.
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Again, she kind of looks at life through rose-colored glasses was the thought.
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And so we really just wanted to start with these basic shapes for Carl and Ellie.
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And so when you try to think of those elements, these end up becoming the characters.
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And Carl is still yet represented by a square and Ellie a circle.
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You know, shape does a lot for us in this composition from up.
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There's some really simple ones to spot right off the bat.
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You have kind of a circle or an oval, very primitive.
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You have a version of a triangle.
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Again, it's got a gesture to it.
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It's leaning.
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It's dynamic.
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It's moving towards Ellie.
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triangle here with Ellie, kind of accepting those pieces.
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It's almost like they're two pieces of the same sort of thought.
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That curved circle is repeated here, which kind of helps emphasize a stacked element in the same direction aiming towards Carl's face.
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Behind Carl, we have a huge,
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huge rectangle or series of rectangles that are again helping to draw your eyes straight to Carl.
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I really like this example from Ratatouille of a character whose shape is really intimidating.
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Anton Ego is the food critic who comes and kind of is known to take whole restaurants down.
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So the way that he's designed, it's interesting.
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He's like a skinny little guy, so thin and so tall, you can just see him dominating over anyone.
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And his head is leaning forward like he's coming over you like a vulture.
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And there's something very funerary about him.
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If you look at even the way that his office is designed, from above it looks like a coffin.
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And I just really love that parallel between the character and the set design that he occupies.
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So for this scene, it's the beach race scene.
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And so the way that I use shape here was to have a really large form
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that kind of blocks out exactly where you're supposed to look.
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So it feels like you're an outsider, but you also get a feel of how fast the car is
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because we're so far back and you'll see him go across screens so quickly.
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So you have like this dark shape here that really just pushes you towards McQueen.
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Even the blades of grass are all pointing towards where you're supposed to look as well as the flow of the fencing.
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We as the audience are the outsider here
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because he's not quite understanding emotionally where he should be at yet in the film.
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so the camera is also pulled away, and the shapes are boxing him in a little bit.
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So he feels boxed in in his mind as well.
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In this panel from Cars 3, Shape does a lot for us to strengthen what's happening in Lightning's life.
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That's one thing that works well in the Cars world, is this idea that the characters themselves are shapes.
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Traditionally, Lightning has rounder images, or rounder aspects to him.
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He's friendlier, he's more approachable, he's our hero.
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When you get to Jackson Storm, our new character, he's a lot more angular.
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But there's a lot more of a sharp dynamic quality to Jackson.
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And I think these lines also help him feel faster.
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The shapes, the dynamic shapes of where he's going.
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Using these sort of primitive triangle ideas, it really gives you a sense of moving forward.
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Traditionally, other cars in the Cars world are boxes.
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Or variations on boxes.
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They're not going anywhere.
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They're slow.
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but they also help frame the more dynamic characters that we're looking at, the curves of lightning and the strong angles of storm.
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As you can tell, shapes can be used in many ways to help tell a story, and it's universal.
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The use of shape to convey meaning can apply to everything, a car, a monster, a human, or even an emotion.
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In this next exercise, you'll have an opportunity to think more about shape.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Video 2: Shape」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：shape, character, Ellie, Carl, circle。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が72文、単語が931語あります。 音声の長さは5:25です。 話す速さは1分あたり約172語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は81%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| triangle 名詞 | /ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/ | 三角, 三角形 |
| dynamic 形容詞 | /daɪˈnæm.ɪk/ | 動的 |
| convey 動詞 | /kənˈveɪ/ | 運ぶ, 運搬する |
| emotion 名詞 | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | 感情, 心緒 |
| rectangle 名詞 | /ˈrɛktæŋɡl̩/ | 長方形, 矩形 |
| silhouette 名詞 | /ˌsɪluˈɛt/ | シルエット |
| storyboard 名詞 | 絵コンテ | |
| outsider 名詞 | /ˌaʊtˈsaɪdəɹ/ | アウトサイダー, 部外者 |
| lean 動詞 | /ˈliːn/ | 傾ける |
| curve 名詞 | /kɚv/ | 曲線 |
| lightning 名詞 | /ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/ | 稲妻, 雷光 |
| intimidate 動詞 | /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/ | 脅す, 威嚇する |
| magenta 名詞 | /məˈd͡ʒɛntə/ | 赤紫, マジェンタ |
| vulture 名詞 | /ˈvʌlt͡ʃɚ/ | 禿鷹, 禿鷲 |
| emphasize 動詞 | /ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/ | 強調する, アクセントをつける |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| come over 動詞 | 遣って来る |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | be represented · would be colored · is repeated |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | circle which is · silhouette, which is |
| 「should」による助言 should + 動詞 — したほうがよいことを伝える | should play · should almost · should be |
| 現在進行形 am/is/are + -ing — 今まさに、または最近起きていること | is really intimidating · is leaning · are boxing |
注意したい発音
話し手はthey're, you're, we'reなど、短縮形や弱形を10回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/, tension /ˈtɛnʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, approachable /əˈpɹəʊ.t͡ʃə.bəl/, funerary /ˈfjunəˌɹɛɹi/, intimidate /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: triangle /ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/, rectangle /ˈrɛktæŋɡl̩/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, approachable /əˈpɹəʊ.t͡ʃə.bəl/, circular /ˈsɜɹ.kjə.ləɹ/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: primitive /ˈpɹɪmɪtɪv/, convey /kənˈveɪ/, curve /kɚv/, vulture /ˈvʌlt͡ʃɚ/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: funerary /ˈfjunəˌɹɛɹi/, emphasize /ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/, coffin /ˈkɔfɪn/, fence /fɛns/, fluid /ˈflu.ɪd/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。triangle, dynamic, conveyなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。