シャドーイング練習: Ricardo Vargas Shows How to Implement Governance During Project Execution - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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Right now. We will discuss about the executing, and the executing.
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Look, what is interesting?
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I finished the planning with governance because it's the glue that adds everything.
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On the execution. The governance is really you on the driving seat, because now the car is moving towards the road.
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So now the ship has already started sailing.
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So what do you do? Your main step here, the most important as the most important here is to integrate the project plan.
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The most important thing here is to manage the project execution.
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Most of the time you. You are not the one executing the project.
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You are managing this execution.
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So basically, you take all or any components of the project plan.
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You take all the other project documents, approved change requests, because maybe from here one change request came, and you need to implement.
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Of course, again, enterprise environmental factors, organizational process assets. And on top of expert judgment, you use software.
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For example, if you use the software here to generate your baseline, your plan here, you are updating with the real and actual status of your project.
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Meetings. For example, daily coordination meetings, weekly reports, daily scrums, all of this.
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And you produce what? What? The gold. The gold, deliverables.
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This is why. Why everything here exists.
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Everything here exists only, and only, to bring the deliverables to life.
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That's all. This is the most important.
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If you do all of this and you do not produce deliverables, it's over.
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Work performance data, how the work is being done, issue log, for example, problems that happen.
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Requests for change. Project plan updates.
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Because many times you deliver here, you need to update the plan you need, for example, to delay, you need to buy more things if they are missing. Okay? And project document updates.
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For example, many times you need to update the list of activities.
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The assumption log, for example, you have an assumption, and it's not good.
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This assumption is not reliable, so you need to update it.
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So all of this, and important.
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Now it's an important thing.
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Organizational process assets updates.
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It's the first time it's appearing here because your organization's assets, they are learning by your organization.
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These assets here, they are learning.
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So you are updating your learning.
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You are becoming a learning project organization.
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So one of the things is not only to produce the deliverables, but learn and improve.
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So this is managing project execution.
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Then, on top of that, I need to manage the quality, because I have a principle, that is asking me to do that, and bad quality, so, on the execution is where quality will appear in a visible way.
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So I will take the project plan.
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The project documents, the organizational process assets.
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Everything. And I will do audits, checklists, data representation, decision-making, problem solving, all of this that we already saw to produce quality reports.
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And, if the quality is not met, I need to ask for change requests.
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And this all change, all change requests.
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We'll see this soon. All change requests will go to monitoring and control, be approved, and come back. And come back to the execution or the planning.
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Let me, by the way, put a line here.
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Let me do just two things to make sure we are all aligned.
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Let me make a border here so you understand this focus area. Is everything here that I am connecting. Everything here.
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Okay, so basically, what do I do?
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Project plan updates, document updates.
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So I will update everything based on what the assurance of the quality brought to me.
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Let me just do this. And the next one on governance.
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The sixth process of governance is manage project knowledge.
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So here it's all about knowledge.
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And remember one thing, knowledge is not the closing, knowledge you capture every single time the project is happening.
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So basically, you take all components of the project plan lessons learned, Register project team assignments, resource breakdown structure.
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Remember. Look here, what you produce here.
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Resource breakdown structure, a stakeholder register, deliverables, and the results you brought from here. Enterprise environmental factors and organizational process assets, and with expert judgment, knowledge management.
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Ways of managing knowledge, information management after action review, for example, retrospective. In the case of Scrum, for example, you can do a retrospective to see, okay, what happened in the past sprint?
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In progress postmortem. And this is, there is pro Post-mortem and Pre-mortem, pre-mortem is when you anticipate something, and you speculate if something happens, what will be the impact. Postmortem is okay, something already happened.
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What can I learn from that? Then storytelling, retrospective.
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I just said. Interpersonal and team skills.
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This is oh my God, active listening.
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It's one of the most important moments here when you want to generate real knowledge Facilitation, leadership, networking, political awareness.
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Because this is the time that you, you know, that you sit, and some of the learnings are not nice for everybody.
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So you need to have this political acumen to do that.
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And then you create lessons learned register.
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And of course, you update the plan because you learn, and you don't want to make this mistake again. So if you made a mistake and in an earlier phase of the project, when you come here to the next phase, you will already be more prepared.
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And organizational process assets updates the same here.
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Look the same update here.
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It's here. Your organization will improve.
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These are the three governance processes in the executing focus area.
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In the next video, we will see all the supporting processes.
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In the executing focus area.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このC1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Ricardo Vargas Shows How to Implement Governance During Project Execution」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：project, update, example, assets, knowledge。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が70文、単語が957語あります。 音声の長さは7:23です。 話す速さは1分あたり約130語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の86%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語11語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| deliverable 名詞 | /dɪˈlɪvɹəbəɫ/ | 成果物, 納品物 |
| execute 動詞 | /ˈɛksɪˌkjuːt/ | 処刑する, 消す |
| approve 動詞 | /əˈpɹuːv/ | 承認する, 賛成する |
| acumen 名詞 | /ˈækjəmən/ | 慧眼, 聡明さ |
| checklist 名詞 | /ˈt͡ʃɛklɪst/ | チェックリスト |
| stakeholder 名詞 | /ˈsteɪkˌhəʊl.də/ | 競合権利者 |
| anticipate 動詞 | /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ | 予想する |
| glue 名詞 | /ɡlu/ | 膠, 接着剤 |
| sprint 名詞 | /spɹɪnt/ | スプリント, 短距離走 |
| sail 名詞 | /seɪl/ | 帆 |
| audit 名詞 | /ˈɔːdɪt/ | 監査 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| come back 動詞 | 戻る, 帰る |
注意したい発音
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: organizational /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənɪˈzeɪʃənəl/, assumption /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/, assurance /əˈʃʊɹəns/, coordination /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: deliverable /dɪˈlɪvɹəbəɫ/, organizational /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənɪˈzeɪʃənəl/, retrospective /ˌɹɛt.ɹə(ʊ)ˈspɛk.tɪv/, anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, coordination /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: deliverable /dɪˈlɪvɹəbəɫ/, organizational /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənɪˈzeɪʃənəl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: deliverable /dɪˈlɪvɹəbəɫ/, governance /ˈɡʌvəɹnəns/, retrospective /ˌɹɛt.ɹə(ʊ)ˈspɛk.tɪv/, approve /əˈpɹuːv/
- 子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: governance /ˈɡʌvəɹnəns/, assumption /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/, checklist /ˈt͡ʃɛklɪst/, speculate /ˈspɛk.jʊˌleɪt/, stakeholder /ˈsteɪkˌhəʊl.də/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。deliverable, execute, approveなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。