跟读练习: Ricardo Vargas Shows How to Implement Governance During Project Execution - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Right now. We will discuss about the executing, and the executing.
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Look, what is interesting?
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I finished the planning with governance because it's the glue that adds everything.
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On the execution. The governance is really you on the driving seat, because now the car is moving towards the road.
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So now the ship has already started sailing.
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So what do you do? Your main step here, the most important as the most important here is to integrate the project plan.
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The most important thing here is to manage the project execution.
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Most of the time you. You are not the one executing the project.
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You are managing this execution.
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So basically, you take all or any components of the project plan.
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You take all the other project documents, approved change requests, because maybe from here one change request came, and you need to implement.
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Of course, again, enterprise environmental factors, organizational process assets. And on top of expert judgment, you use software.
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For example, if you use the software here to generate your baseline, your plan here, you are updating with the real and actual status of your project.
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Meetings. For example, daily coordination meetings, weekly reports, daily scrums, all of this.
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And you produce what? What? The gold. The gold, deliverables.
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This is why. Why everything here exists.
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Everything here exists only, and only, to bring the deliverables to life.
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That's all. This is the most important.
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If you do all of this and you do not produce deliverables, it's over.
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Work performance data, how the work is being done, issue log, for example, problems that happen.
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Requests for change. Project plan updates.
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Because many times you deliver here, you need to update the plan you need, for example, to delay, you need to buy more things if they are missing. Okay? And project document updates.
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For example, many times you need to update the list of activities.
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The assumption log, for example, you have an assumption, and it's not good.
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This assumption is not reliable, so you need to update it.
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So all of this, and important.
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Now it's an important thing.
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Organizational process assets updates.
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It's the first time it's appearing here because your organization's assets, they are learning by your organization.
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These assets here, they are learning.
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So you are updating your learning.
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You are becoming a learning project organization.
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So one of the things is not only to produce the deliverables, but learn and improve.
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So this is managing project execution.
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Then, on top of that, I need to manage the quality, because I have a principle, that is asking me to do that, and bad quality, so, on the execution is where quality will appear in a visible way.
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So I will take the project plan.
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The project documents, the organizational process assets.
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Everything. And I will do audits, checklists, data representation, decision-making, problem solving, all of this that we already saw to produce quality reports.
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And, if the quality is not met, I need to ask for change requests.
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And this all change, all change requests.
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We'll see this soon. All change requests will go to monitoring and control, be approved, and come back. And come back to the execution or the planning.
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Let me, by the way, put a line here.
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Let me do just two things to make sure we are all aligned.
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Let me make a border here so you understand this focus area. Is everything here that I am connecting. Everything here.
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Okay, so basically, what do I do?
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Project plan updates, document updates.
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So I will update everything based on what the assurance of the quality brought to me.
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Let me just do this. And the next one on governance.
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The sixth process of governance is manage project knowledge.
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So here it's all about knowledge.
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And remember one thing, knowledge is not the closing, knowledge you capture every single time the project is happening.
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So basically, you take all components of the project plan lessons learned, Register project team assignments, resource breakdown structure.
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Remember. Look here, what you produce here.
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Resource breakdown structure, a stakeholder register, deliverables, and the results you brought from here. Enterprise environmental factors and organizational process assets, and with expert judgment, knowledge management.
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Ways of managing knowledge, information management after action review, for example, retrospective. In the case of Scrum, for example, you can do a retrospective to see, okay, what happened in the past sprint?
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In progress postmortem. And this is, there is pro Post-mortem and Pre-mortem, pre-mortem is when you anticipate something, and you speculate if something happens, what will be the impact. Postmortem is okay, something already happened.
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What can I learn from that? Then storytelling, retrospective.
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I just said. Interpersonal and team skills.
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This is oh my God, active listening.
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It's one of the most important moments here when you want to generate real knowledge Facilitation, leadership, networking, political awareness.
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Because this is the time that you, you know, that you sit, and some of the learnings are not nice for everybody.
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So you need to have this political acumen to do that.
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And then you create lessons learned register.
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And of course, you update the plan because you learn, and you don't want to make this mistake again. So if you made a mistake and in an earlier phase of the project, when you come here to the next phase, you will already be more prepared.
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And organizational process assets updates the same here.
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Look the same update here.
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It's here. Your organization will improve.
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These are the three governance processes in the executing focus area.
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In the next video, we will see all the supporting processes.
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In the executing focus area.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“Ricardo Vargas Shows How to Implement Governance During Project Execution”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：project, update, example, assets, knowledge。 这段视频共有 70 个句子、957 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 7:23。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 130 个词，很适合跟读。 86% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| deliverable 名词 | /dɪˈlɪvɹəbəɫ/ | 交付物 |
| organizational 形容词 | /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənɪˈzeɪʃənəl/ | 組織的 /组织的 |
| execute 动词 | /ˈɛksɪˌkjuːt/ | 處決 /处决, 處死 /处死 |
| governance 名词 | /ˈɡʌvəɹnəns/ | 統治 /统治, 治理 |
| retrospective 形容词 | /ˌɹɛt.ɹə(ʊ)ˈspɛk.tɪv/ | 懷舊的 /怀旧的 |
| assumption 名词 | /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/ | 假設 /假设 |
| approve 动词 | /əˈpɹuːv/ | 批准, 贊成 /赞成 |
| acumen 名词 | /ˈækjəmən/ | 慧眼, 精明 |
| checklist 名词 | /ˈt͡ʃɛklɪst/ | 检查清单, 检查表 |
| speculate 动词 | /ˈspɛk.jʊˌleɪt/ | 猜測 /猜测, 推測 /推测 |
| stakeholder 名词 | /ˈsteɪkˌhəʊl.də/ | 賭注經紀人 /赌注经纪人 |
| align 动词 | /əˈlaɪn/ | 對齊 /对齐 |
| baseline 名词 | /ˈbeɪslaɪn/ | 基綫 /基线 |
| anticipate 动词 | /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ | 預料 /预料, 預想 /预想 |
| glue 名词 | /ɡlu/ | 膠水 /胶水, 膠 /胶 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| come back 动词 | 回來 /回来, 返回 |
需要注意的发音
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: organizational /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənɪˈzeɪʃənəl/, assumption /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/, assurance /əˈʃʊɹəns/, coordination /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: deliverable /dɪˈlɪvɹəbəɫ/, organizational /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənɪˈzeɪʃənəl/, retrospective /ˌɹɛt.ɹə(ʊ)ˈspɛk.tɪv/, anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, coordination /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: deliverable /dɪˈlɪvɹəbəɫ/, governance /ˈɡʌvəɹnəns/, retrospective /ˌɹɛt.ɹə(ʊ)ˈspɛk.tɪv/, approve /əˈpɹuːv/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: execute /ˈɛksɪˌkjuːt/, governance /ˈɡʌvəɹnəns/, retrospective /ˌɹɛt.ɹə(ʊ)ˈspɛk.tɪv/, approve /əˈpɹuːv/, checklist /ˈt͡ʃɛklɪst/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: deliverable /dɪˈlɪvɹəbəɫ/, organizational /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənɪˈzeɪʃənəl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 deliverable, organizational, execute 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。