シャドーイング練習: Spay Anatomy in a Cadaver Dog - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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The purpose of this video is to show the abdominal anatomy of a dog as it relates to an ovario hysterectomy surgery.

Okay, this is an adult female dog that has been euthanized

and we can look at the anatomy inside of her to

help us look at what we're going to be doing when we're spaying a dog.

When you are inside of the dog's abdomen,

the things that are important are the location of the uterine body.

And the uterine body in this dog is here,

and it lies between the bladder and the colon.

and it's attached at the back of the dog

and each horn goes up and attaches to the body wall by the respective kidney.

This would be the left kidney and this will be the right kidney.

One thing to notice is that the right kidney is more fixed

and the right ovary is deeper in the body and harder to exteriorize because this right kidney is less mobile.

And again, let's look at the left one and you can see that this is much more mobile

and this ovary is much more easily exteriorized.

The thing that's important when you're trying to use a spay hook is that the horn of the uterus

is attached at the back of the body and up to the kidney.

The other thing is the broad ligament and the round ligament.

These two things are all part of what's detached here.

So to retrieve the uterus, put that back in there, pretend like we're spaying her,

you lift up, come around this side,

lift up the body wall and send the spay hook directly along the body wall

and you're trying to get to the bottom turn and lift to lift this up

you can feel tension when you lift this and if you have tension you know you have what you're looking for

if you do not have tension and you hook some intestines or something it'll just keep coming.

One thing that happens frequently when you're trying to get the uterine body is that you will end up hooking the ligament,

the round ligament.

And this ligament will also give you that feeling of tension.

And if you get it,

it is best to follow the ligament forward to where it attaches to the uterine body by the ovary in this direction,

rather than going caudally, because it goes away from the uterus.

At the level of the uterine body and the ovary, which is right here, there is a ligament called the proper ligament.

And that proper ligament goes between the ovary and the uterine body.

This is a structure that is strong and you can put a clamp on it and use it to apply caudal traction.

It's a tough structure.

The next structure to see is the suspensory ligament

which comes off of the ovary and attaches to the body wall by the kidney

and the ovarian vessels which are right here.

Right there.

Inside the dog these things form a triangle.

The ovarian vessels come from the bottom, from their origin, up to the ovary.

The suspensory ligament comes off of the ovary and goes forward to the body wall.

So when you're trying to break that suspensory ligament,

It is best to put caudal traction on it and use your finger to push and break it.

You can strum it like a guitar string or you can actually just grab it and pull and break it.

Stop that.

Now we'll look at the left uterine body, ovary, and suspensory ligament.

To obtain the uterine body using a spay hook or your finger, first using the spay hook,

you elevate the body wall

and send the spay hook along the body wall to the bottom

or dorsal most aspect of the abdominal cavity and then lift up

and you will either get the uterine body or the broad ligament.

If you get the uterine body, you take it up.

If you get the broad ligament, you can follow the broad ligament in a cranial direction until

you get to where it joins the uterine body and elevate it that way.

To use your finger to obtain the uterus,

you would put your finger in between the bladder and the colon and sweep along to ensnare the uterus.

And it lies between the colon and the bladder, so if you use your finger in a sweeping fashion,

you can pick up the eter and body that way.

On this left side, the suspensory ligament is longer and looser than on the right side,

and if you put up and caudal traction on this,

you can tense the suspensory ligament notice that it is quite a distance away from the ovarian vessels.

So if you're up here, you're not going to damage those.

You're putting caudal tension and you can pull and tear this ligament.

Like that to allow you to elevate the ovarian vessels.

And then you can put a

hole in the broad ligament and put a clamp below the ovary to begin to set yourself up to ligate them.

Okay.

Now we'll look at the right uterine body, ovary, and suspensory ligament.

Okay, now we're going to go over using the spay hook or your finger to retrieve the uterine body.

You can lift up the abdominal wall and send your spay hook inside along the abdominal wall to the bottom.

Turn it perpendicular to the incision and lift up to find the uterus or the ligament.

I have the ligament here and that will lead me to the uterus which is in the front.

If you are having trouble, you can use your finger to find the place in between the colon and the bladder.

Use your finger here and hook the uterus with your finger to lift it up.

So you're going to go into the abdomen

and find the place between the bladder and the colon and sweep and obtain the uterus in that way.

When you get it, you're going to pull

caudal traction on this uterus to put tension on the suspensory ligament

which goes to the body wall off of the ovary and it is here.

With caudal and upper tension you put pressure on the suspensory ligament to break it.

You're breaking it or stretching it in that fashion so that you can elevate the ovary outside of the body wall.

You don't have to completely disrupt the ligament, but you do put pressure on it to stretch it

and get these vessels up where you can put a hole in the body

and put a clamp on here and deal with them below the ovary.

Now we'll go over a few things that should help you avoid some problems or deal with some problems should they occur.

When you're making your incision into the abdomen of a dog, one thing that's important to realize is that the structures

that lie just below the abdominal wall are generally the spleen and the bladder.

They both can be easily cut with a scalpel blade and

so it's important when you're making your incision to lift up the body wall

when you're going in so you avoid hitting these structures.

When you get them open you can move them out of the way,

but when you're going in they frequently lie just below the body wall.

They're the first thing that you're going to encounter

when you go in so you've got to be careful not to cut them.

Many people prefer to use the spay hook on the right side of the dog

because the spleen is not on this side.

The spleen lies on the left side of the dog

and many times you can have trouble lacerating the spleen if you're using the spay hook on this side.

100

So to use the spay hook on the right side,

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you go along the body wall to the bottom of the body and lift up,

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trapping the uterus or the broad ligament.

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If you have bleeding problems inside of the dog's abdomen during surgery,

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it's important to understand how to use the biological retractors.

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On the right side of the abdomen,

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the descending duodenum, which you can see next to the pancreas, is the biological retractor.

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You pick it up and and entrap the rest of the intestines in it.

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You can retract it to the side and more easily visualize the structures by the kidney and the ovarian vessels.

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Generally, you're looking for the ovarian vessel to re-ligate it or to be sure that it is not a source of bleeding.

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So by retracting the duodenum on the right side, that will enable you to visualize this area.

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On the left side of the dog, the descending colon is the biological retractor.

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You take the colon up and reflect it to the opposite side.

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And it will allow you to visualize this area around the

114

base of the kidneys where you might have a bleeding ovarian vessel if a ligature has slipped.

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So again, this is the biological retractor on this side.

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And to look for a bleeder in the ovarian body,

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you reflect the bladder caudally and obtain the uterine body here.

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And you can inspect the body and the blood vessels on either side of it.

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Okay.

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If you've transected the ovary and reflected it backwards and have bleeding at your ovarian pedicle,

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what you need to do is to, on the left side, use the colon as the biological retractor,

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open up the abdomen, and find these blood vessels as they come off just coddled to the kidney.

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and this dog is not bleeding because she's euthanized

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but the blood vessels come off at the caudal aspect of the kidney

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and you want to try to obtain them with your finger and elevate them before you put a clamp on them.

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If you go in with a clamp and just clamp blindly

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There's a possibility of grabbing other vital structures such as the ureter

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that comes off of the kidney and that could be incorporated into your ligature when you tie that again.

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So again it is better technique to grab this pedicle with your fingers

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and elevate it before you put the clamp on it.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このC1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Spay Anatomy in a Cadaver Dog」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：ligament, ovary, wall, uterine, kidney。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が130文、単語が1728語あります。音声の長さは14:57です。話す速さは1分あたり約116語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は80%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
ligament 名詞	/ˈlɪɡəmənt/	靭帯, 靱帯
ovary 名詞	/ˈoʊvəɹi/	卵巣, 子房
uterine 形容詞	/ˈjutəɹaɪn/	胤違い, 異父
kidney 名詞	/ˈkɪdni/	腎臓
colon 名詞	/ˈkoʊ.lən/	コロン
caudal 形容詞	/ˈkɔːdəl/	尾側の
clamp 名詞	/ˈklæmp/	クレンメ, クランプ
bladder 名詞	/ˈblædɚ/	嚢状組織, 嚢
abdomen 名詞	/ˈæb.də.mən/	腹, 腹部
bleed 動詞	/ˈbliːd/	出血する, 血を流す
attach 動詞	/əˈtæt͡ʃ/	付ける, 添付する
spleen 名詞	/spliːn/	脾臓
visualize 動詞	/ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz/	思い描く, 視覚化する
sweep 動詞	/swiːp/	掃除する, 掃く
duodenum 名詞	/ˌduəˈdinəm/	十二指腸

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
go up 動詞	上がる, 登る
pick up 動詞	拾う, 拾い上げる

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	has been euthanized · is attached · can be easily cut
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	has been euthanized · has slipped · you've transected
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	ovary, which is · vessels which are · uterus which is

注意したい発音

話し手はyou're, we're, we'llなど、短縮形や弱形を30回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「sh」と「zh」の音: traction /ˈtɹæk.ʃən/, incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/, visualize /ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: ovarian /oʊˈvɛɹi.ən/, exteriorize /ɪkˈstɪɹi.əˌɹaɪz/, anatomy /əˈnætəmi/, hysterectomy /hɪstəˈɹɛktəmi/, perpendicular /ˌpɜː.pənˈdɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: cranial /ˈkɹeɪ.ni.əl/, dorsal /ˈdɔɹ.səl/, perpendicular /ˌpɜː.pənˈdɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/, triangle /ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: ovary /ˈoʊvəɹi/, ovarian /oʊˈvɛɹi.ən/, elevate /ˈɛləveɪt/, visualize /ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz/, retrieve /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/
子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: ligament /ˈlɪɡəmənt/, spay /speɪ/, clamp /ˈklæmp/, bladder /ˈblædɚ/, bleed /ˈbliːd/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。ligament, ovary, uterineなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Spay Anatomy in a Cadaver Dog - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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