シャドーイング練習: Splenectomy: step-by-step - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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Hello and welcome to the GYO surgery series.
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This will be the first of several different explanations of individual surgeries that we perform in Gynonk,
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including some photos that I'll have referenced, as well as some handmade drawings.
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the first surgery that we'll be going over is the splenectomy
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and I only own the drawings other pictures will be referenced on individual slides
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and at the end this is for educational purposes only this is not intended to be medical advice
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so reference this lovely picture on the right the removal of
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the spleen is occasionally required to achieve optimal surgical cytoreduction in ovarian cancer
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and so knowing the relevant anatomy is important and
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so we'll go over the ligaments attaching to the spleen as well as the blood supply to the spleen
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so there are approximately five ligaments the splenophrenic ligament the splenorenal the pancreaticosplenic,
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the splenocolic, and the gastrosplenic ligaments.
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They are labeled here, 1 through 4.
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We have 1, 2, 3, 4, splenofrenic, which you can't see,
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but the diaphragm would be up here, the splenorenal, the pancreaticosplenic, the splenocolic, and then over here we have the gastrosplenic.
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Each of these ligaments are transected during a splenectomy.
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And then as far as our blood supply goes, it's a little bit easier.
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You just have the splenic artery and the splenic vein.
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As you can see here, these come off the celiac trunk.
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The artery comes off the celiac trunk, and the celiac trunk, as you may remember, is the splenic artery, the left gastric,
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and the common hepatic, and then the splenic vein coming back into the portal vein.
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the basic steps of a splenectomy are entering the lesser sac mobilizing the spleen
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and then ligating the vessels
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which sounds very easy however in practice is definitely scary for gynonks there is an anterior
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or posterior approach
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and the choice depends on the distribution of disease whatever approach would be easier based on disease
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and i will be going over the anterior your approach in this short lecture.
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So first entering the lesser sac of the omentum, you want to identify the gastrocolic ligament.
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This lies between the stomach's greater curvature and the transverse colon.
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The anterior leaf of the omentum attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach via the gastrocolic ligament, and the posterior leaf attaches to the margin of the transverse colon.
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And the lesser sac is kind of between these two leaves.
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So identifying the ligament and then transecting this in order to open the lesser sac.
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The dissection, then this is another depiction of opening the lesser sac, but the omentum is no longer there.
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And as you can see here, this is the gastrocolic ligament here.
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The dissection continues along the transverse colon with mobilization of the
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entire splenic flexure of the colon to eventually reach the splenocolic ligament,
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highlighted here, and then you're also dissecting upward to the greater curvature of the stomach towards the gastrosplenic ligament.
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That's here.
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once mobilized you can grasp the spleen
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and elevate it medially this will expose the splenophrenic ligament here
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and you can continue to dissect the spleen from the gastrosplenic ligament as well as the splenocolic ligament
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so you can see the gastrosplenic ligament in this picture as well as the splenocolic ligament here you'll continue dissecting
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that and then also the splenofrenic ligament, with this being the diaphragm.
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The gastrosplenic ligament is the most vascular and contains those short gastric arteries, so we are very careful in ligating and dividing these.
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And then finally, the spleen is elevated to the incision.
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You do some blunt dissection in order to identify the splenic artery and the splenic vein.
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Each one of these vessels are individually ligated and the artery is ligated first in order to prevent engorgement of the spleen.
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You can use, as depicted here, a right angle placed underneath the artery or individual
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vein artery or vascular pedicle
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and you can use a 2 -0 silk you will then place a second 2 -0 silk
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and then on the proximal end you can either tie
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or clip this end and then divide the artery vein
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or other vascular pedicle and then
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if you're done with the artery you do the vein and that is the end of the splinectomy.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Splenectomy: step-by-step」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：ligament, artery, spleen, splenic, vein。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が54文、単語が709語あります。 音声の長さは5:25です。 話す速さは1分あたり約131語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は72%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| artery 名詞 | /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ | 動脈 |
| vein 名詞 | /veɪn/ | 静脈 |
| colon 名詞 | /ˈkoʊ.lən/ | コロン |
| leaf 名詞 | /lif/ | 葉, 葉っぱ |
| trunk 名詞 | /tɹʌŋk/ | 幹 |
| attach 動詞 | /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ | 付ける, 添付する |
| stomach 名詞 | /ˈstʌmək/ | 胃, 胃袋 |
| vessel 名詞 | /ˈvɛsəl/ | 船舶 |
| divide 動詞 | /dɪˈvaɪd/ | 分割する, 分ける |
| silk 名詞 | /sɪlk/ | 絹, 絹糸 |
| explanation 名詞 | /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ | 説明 |
| label 名詞 | /ˈleɪ.bəl/ | 荷札, 貼り札 |
| occasionally 副詞 | /əˈkeɪʒənəli/ | たまに, 偶に |
| angle 名詞 | /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/ | 角度 |
| scary 形容詞 | /ˈskɛə.ɹi/ | 怖い |
注意したい発音
話し手はwe'll, you're, can'tなど、短縮形や弱形を7回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, dissection /dɪˈsɛkʃən/, depiction /dɪˈpɪkʃən/, flexure /ˈflɛkʃə(ɹ)/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: anterior /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, anatomy /əˈnætəmi/, individually /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əli/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: removal /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/, portal /ˈpɔːɹtl̩/, flexure /ˈflɛkʃə(ɹ)/, proximal /ˈpɹɒksɪməl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: vein /veɪn/, vascular /ˈvæskjələ/, vessel /ˈvɛsəl/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, removal /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: leaf /lif/, diaphragm /ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/, flexure /ˈflɛkʃə(ɹ)/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。artery, vein, colonなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。