Pratica di Shadowing: Splenectomy: step-by-step - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

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Hello and welcome to the GYO surgery series.

This will be the first of several different explanations of individual surgeries that we perform in Gynonk,

including some photos that I'll have referenced, as well as some handmade drawings.

the first surgery that we'll be going over is the splenectomy

and I only own the drawings other pictures will be referenced on individual slides

and at the end this is for educational purposes only this is not intended to be medical advice

so reference this lovely picture on the right the removal of

the spleen is occasionally required to achieve optimal surgical cytoreduction in ovarian cancer

and so knowing the relevant anatomy is important and

so we'll go over the ligaments attaching to the spleen as well as the blood supply to the spleen

so there are approximately five ligaments the splenophrenic ligament the splenorenal the pancreaticosplenic,

the splenocolic, and the gastrosplenic ligaments.

They are labeled here, 1 through 4.

We have 1, 2, 3, 4, splenofrenic, which you can't see,

but the diaphragm would be up here, the splenorenal, the pancreaticosplenic, the splenocolic, and then over here we have the gastrosplenic.

Each of these ligaments are transected during a splenectomy.

And then as far as our blood supply goes, it's a little bit easier.

You just have the splenic artery and the splenic vein.

As you can see here, these come off the celiac trunk.

The artery comes off the celiac trunk, and the celiac trunk, as you may remember, is the splenic artery, the left gastric,

and the common hepatic, and then the splenic vein coming back into the portal vein.

the basic steps of a splenectomy are entering the lesser sac mobilizing the spleen

and then ligating the vessels

which sounds very easy however in practice is definitely scary for gynonks there is an anterior

or posterior approach

and the choice depends on the distribution of disease whatever approach would be easier based on disease

and i will be going over the anterior your approach in this short lecture.

So first entering the lesser sac of the omentum, you want to identify the gastrocolic ligament.

This lies between the stomach's greater curvature and the transverse colon.

The anterior leaf of the omentum attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach via the gastrocolic ligament, and the posterior leaf attaches to the margin of the transverse colon.

And the lesser sac is kind of between these two leaves.

So identifying the ligament and then transecting this in order to open the lesser sac.

The dissection, then this is another depiction of opening the lesser sac, but the omentum is no longer there.

And as you can see here, this is the gastrocolic ligament here.

The dissection continues along the transverse colon with mobilization of the

entire splenic flexure of the colon to eventually reach the splenocolic ligament,

highlighted here, and then you're also dissecting upward to the greater curvature of the stomach towards the gastrosplenic ligament.

That's here.

once mobilized you can grasp the spleen

and elevate it medially this will expose the splenophrenic ligament here

and you can continue to dissect the spleen from the gastrosplenic ligament as well as the splenocolic ligament

so you can see the gastrosplenic ligament in this picture as well as the splenocolic ligament here you'll continue dissecting

that and then also the splenofrenic ligament, with this being the diaphragm.

The gastrosplenic ligament is the most vascular and contains those short gastric arteries, so we are very careful in ligating and dividing these.

And then finally, the spleen is elevated to the incision.

You do some blunt dissection in order to identify the splenic artery and the splenic vein.

Each one of these vessels are individually ligated and the artery is ligated first in order to prevent engorgement of the spleen.

You can use, as depicted here, a right angle placed underneath the artery or individual

vein artery or vascular pedicle

and you can use a 2 -0 silk you will then place a second 2 -0 silk

and then on the proximal end you can either tie

or clip this end and then divide the artery vein

or other vascular pedicle and then

if you're done with the artery you do the vein and that is the end of the splinectomy.

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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione

Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “Splenectomy: step-by-step”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: ligament, artery, spleen, splenic, vein. Questo video contiene 54 frasi e 709 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 5:25. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 131 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Solo il 72% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.

Vocaboli chiave di questo video

15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:

Parola	Pronuncia	Significato
artery sostantivo	/ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/	arteria
vein sostantivo	/veɪn/	vena
lesser aggettivo	/ˈlɛsɚ/	minore
colon sostantivo	/ˈkoʊ.lən/	due punti
leaf sostantivo	/lif/	foglia
trunk sostantivo	/tɹʌŋk/	tronco
attach verbo	/əˈtæt͡ʃ/	legare, appiccare
anterior aggettivo	/ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/	anteriore
vascular aggettivo	/ˈvæskjələ/	vascolare
stomach sostantivo	/ˈstʌmək/	stomaco
vessel sostantivo	/ˈvɛsəl/	vascello, imbarcazione
divide verbo	/dɪˈvaɪd/	dividere, dividersi
silk sostantivo	/sɪlk/	seta
explanation sostantivo	/ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/	spiegazione, esplicazione
label sostantivo	/ˈleɪ.bəl/	etichetta

Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione

Chi parla usa 7 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come we'll, you're, can't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.

I suoni “sh” e “zh”: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, dissection /dɪˈsɛkʃən/, depiction /dɪˈpɪkʃən/, flexure /ˈflɛkʃə(ɹ)/
Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: anterior /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, anatomy /əˈnætəmi/, individually /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əli/

I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:

/h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: highlight /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/, handmade /ˈhændˌmeɪd/, hepatic /həˈpætɪk/
Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: leaf /lif/, trunk /tɹʌŋk/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, stomach /ˈstʌmək/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/
/æ/ — più aperta della “e”: attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, anterior /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/, vascular /ˈvæskjələ/, angle /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/, grasp /ɡɹæsp/

Come esercitarsi con questo video

Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come artery, vein, lesser.

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

Tecnica dello shadowing: leggi la guida completa passo dopo passo →

Pratica di Shadowing: Splenectomy: step-by-step - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

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