跟读练习: Splenectomy: step-by-step - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Hello and welcome to the GYO surgery series.
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This will be the first of several different explanations of individual surgeries that we perform in Gynonk,
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including some photos that I'll have referenced, as well as some handmade drawings.
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the first surgery that we'll be going over is the splenectomy
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and I only own the drawings other pictures will be referenced on individual slides
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and at the end this is for educational purposes only this is not intended to be medical advice
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so reference this lovely picture on the right the removal of
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the spleen is occasionally required to achieve optimal surgical cytoreduction in ovarian cancer
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and so knowing the relevant anatomy is important and
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so we'll go over the ligaments attaching to the spleen as well as the blood supply to the spleen
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so there are approximately five ligaments the splenophrenic ligament the splenorenal the pancreaticosplenic,
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the splenocolic, and the gastrosplenic ligaments.
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They are labeled here, 1 through 4.
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We have 1, 2, 3, 4, splenofrenic, which you can't see,
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but the diaphragm would be up here, the splenorenal, the pancreaticosplenic, the splenocolic, and then over here we have the gastrosplenic.
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Each of these ligaments are transected during a splenectomy.
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And then as far as our blood supply goes, it's a little bit easier.
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You just have the splenic artery and the splenic vein.
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As you can see here, these come off the celiac trunk.
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The artery comes off the celiac trunk, and the celiac trunk, as you may remember, is the splenic artery, the left gastric,
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and the common hepatic, and then the splenic vein coming back into the portal vein.
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the basic steps of a splenectomy are entering the lesser sac mobilizing the spleen
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and then ligating the vessels
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which sounds very easy however in practice is definitely scary for gynonks there is an anterior
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or posterior approach
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and the choice depends on the distribution of disease whatever approach would be easier based on disease
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and i will be going over the anterior your approach in this short lecture.
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So first entering the lesser sac of the omentum, you want to identify the gastrocolic ligament.
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This lies between the stomach's greater curvature and the transverse colon.
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The anterior leaf of the omentum attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach via the gastrocolic ligament, and the posterior leaf attaches to the margin of the transverse colon.
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And the lesser sac is kind of between these two leaves.
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So identifying the ligament and then transecting this in order to open the lesser sac.
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The dissection, then this is another depiction of opening the lesser sac, but the omentum is no longer there.
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And as you can see here, this is the gastrocolic ligament here.
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The dissection continues along the transverse colon with mobilization of the
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entire splenic flexure of the colon to eventually reach the splenocolic ligament,
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highlighted here, and then you're also dissecting upward to the greater curvature of the stomach towards the gastrosplenic ligament.
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That's here.
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once mobilized you can grasp the spleen
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and elevate it medially this will expose the splenophrenic ligament here
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and you can continue to dissect the spleen from the gastrosplenic ligament as well as the splenocolic ligament
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so you can see the gastrosplenic ligament in this picture as well as the splenocolic ligament here you'll continue dissecting
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that and then also the splenofrenic ligament, with this being the diaphragm.
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The gastrosplenic ligament is the most vascular and contains those short gastric arteries, so we are very careful in ligating and dividing these.
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And then finally, the spleen is elevated to the incision.
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You do some blunt dissection in order to identify the splenic artery and the splenic vein.
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Each one of these vessels are individually ligated and the artery is ligated first in order to prevent engorgement of the spleen.
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You can use, as depicted here, a right angle placed underneath the artery or individual
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vein artery or vascular pedicle
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and you can use a 2 -0 silk you will then place a second 2 -0 silk
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and then on the proximal end you can either tie
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or clip this end and then divide the artery vein
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or other vascular pedicle and then
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if you're done with the artery you do the vein and that is the end of the splinectomy.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“Splenectomy: step-by-step”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：ligament, artery, spleen, splenic, vein。 这段视频共有 54 个句子、709 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:25。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 131 个词，很适合跟读。 只有 72% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| artery 名词 | /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ | 動脈 /动脉 |
| vein 名词 | /veɪn/ | 靜脈 /静脉 |
| colon 名词 | /ˈkoʊ.lən/ | 冒號 /冒号 |
| leaf 名词 | /lif/ | еезы, еер |
| trunk 名词 | /tɹʌŋk/ | 樹幹 /树干, 幹 /干 |
| attach 动词 | /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ | 附上, 附 |
| anterior 形容词 | /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/ | 前部 |
| vascular 形容词 | /ˈvæskjələ/ | 脉管的, 导管的 |
| stomach 名词 | /ˈstʌmək/ | дўзы, 胃 |
| vessel 名词 | /ˈvɛsəl/ | 船隻 /船只, 船 |
| divide 动词 | /dɪˈvaɪd/ | 分, 分裂 |
| silk 名词 | /sɪlk/ | 絲 /丝, 絲線 /丝线 |
| explanation 名词 | /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ | 解釋 /解释, 說明 /说明 |
| label 名词 | /ˈleɪ.bəl/ | 標籤 /标签, 簽條 /签条 |
| occasionally 副词 | /əˈkeɪʒənəli/ | 偶爾 /偶尔, 偶然 |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 7 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 we'll, you're, can't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, dissection /dɪˈsɛkʃən/, depiction /dɪˈpɪkʃən/, flexure /ˈflɛkʃə(ɹ)/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: anterior /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, anatomy /əˈnætəmi/, individually /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əli/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: vein /veɪn/, vascular /ˈvæskjələ/, vessel /ˈvɛsəl/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, removal /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: leaf /lif/, trunk /tɹʌŋk/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, stomach /ˈstʌmək/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: removal /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/, portal /ˈpɔːɹtl̩/, flexure /ˈflɛkʃə(ɹ)/, proximal /ˈpɹɒksɪməl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 artery, vein, colon 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。