Практика Shadowing: Spay Anatomy in a Cadaver Dog - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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The purpose of this video is to show the abdominal anatomy of a dog as it relates to an ovario hysterectomy surgery.

Okay, this is an adult female dog that has been euthanized

and we can look at the anatomy inside of her to

help us look at what we're going to be doing when we're spaying a dog.

When you are inside of the dog's abdomen,

the things that are important are the location of the uterine body.

And the uterine body in this dog is here,

and it lies between the bladder and the colon.

and it's attached at the back of the dog

and each horn goes up and attaches to the body wall by the respective kidney.

This would be the left kidney and this will be the right kidney.

One thing to notice is that the right kidney is more fixed

and the right ovary is deeper in the body and harder to exteriorize because this right kidney is less mobile.

And again, let's look at the left one and you can see that this is much more mobile

and this ovary is much more easily exteriorized.

The thing that's important when you're trying to use a spay hook is that the horn of the uterus

is attached at the back of the body and up to the kidney.

The other thing is the broad ligament and the round ligament.

These two things are all part of what's detached here.

So to retrieve the uterus, put that back in there, pretend like we're spaying her,

you lift up, come around this side,

lift up the body wall and send the spay hook directly along the body wall

and you're trying to get to the bottom turn and lift to lift this up

you can feel tension when you lift this and if you have tension you know you have what you're looking for

if you do not have tension and you hook some intestines or something it'll just keep coming.

One thing that happens frequently when you're trying to get the uterine body is that you will end up hooking the ligament,

the round ligament.

And this ligament will also give you that feeling of tension.

And if you get it,

it is best to follow the ligament forward to where it attaches to the uterine body by the ovary in this direction,

rather than going caudally, because it goes away from the uterus.

At the level of the uterine body and the ovary, which is right here, there is a ligament called the proper ligament.

And that proper ligament goes between the ovary and the uterine body.

This is a structure that is strong and you can put a clamp on it and use it to apply caudal traction.

It's a tough structure.

The next structure to see is the suspensory ligament

which comes off of the ovary and attaches to the body wall by the kidney

and the ovarian vessels which are right here.

Right there.

Inside the dog these things form a triangle.

The ovarian vessels come from the bottom, from their origin, up to the ovary.

The suspensory ligament comes off of the ovary and goes forward to the body wall.

So when you're trying to break that suspensory ligament,

It is best to put caudal traction on it and use your finger to push and break it.

You can strum it like a guitar string or you can actually just grab it and pull and break it.

Stop that.

Now we'll look at the left uterine body, ovary, and suspensory ligament.

To obtain the uterine body using a spay hook or your finger, first using the spay hook,

you elevate the body wall

and send the spay hook along the body wall to the bottom

or dorsal most aspect of the abdominal cavity and then lift up

and you will either get the uterine body or the broad ligament.

If you get the uterine body, you take it up.

If you get the broad ligament, you can follow the broad ligament in a cranial direction until

you get to where it joins the uterine body and elevate it that way.

To use your finger to obtain the uterus,

you would put your finger in between the bladder and the colon and sweep along to ensnare the uterus.

And it lies between the colon and the bladder, so if you use your finger in a sweeping fashion,

you can pick up the eter and body that way.

On this left side, the suspensory ligament is longer and looser than on the right side,

and if you put up and caudal traction on this,

you can tense the suspensory ligament notice that it is quite a distance away from the ovarian vessels.

So if you're up here, you're not going to damage those.

You're putting caudal tension and you can pull and tear this ligament.

Like that to allow you to elevate the ovarian vessels.

And then you can put a

hole in the broad ligament and put a clamp below the ovary to begin to set yourself up to ligate them.

Okay.

Now we'll look at the right uterine body, ovary, and suspensory ligament.

Okay, now we're going to go over using the spay hook or your finger to retrieve the uterine body.

You can lift up the abdominal wall and send your spay hook inside along the abdominal wall to the bottom.

Turn it perpendicular to the incision and lift up to find the uterus or the ligament.

I have the ligament here and that will lead me to the uterus which is in the front.

If you are having trouble, you can use your finger to find the place in between the colon and the bladder.

Use your finger here and hook the uterus with your finger to lift it up.

So you're going to go into the abdomen

and find the place between the bladder and the colon and sweep and obtain the uterus in that way.

When you get it, you're going to pull

caudal traction on this uterus to put tension on the suspensory ligament

which goes to the body wall off of the ovary and it is here.

With caudal and upper tension you put pressure on the suspensory ligament to break it.

You're breaking it or stretching it in that fashion so that you can elevate the ovary outside of the body wall.

You don't have to completely disrupt the ligament, but you do put pressure on it to stretch it

and get these vessels up where you can put a hole in the body

and put a clamp on here and deal with them below the ovary.

Now we'll go over a few things that should help you avoid some problems or deal with some problems should they occur.

When you're making your incision into the abdomen of a dog, one thing that's important to realize is that the structures

that lie just below the abdominal wall are generally the spleen and the bladder.

They both can be easily cut with a scalpel blade and

so it's important when you're making your incision to lift up the body wall

when you're going in so you avoid hitting these structures.

When you get them open you can move them out of the way,

but when you're going in they frequently lie just below the body wall.

They're the first thing that you're going to encounter

when you go in so you've got to be careful not to cut them.

Many people prefer to use the spay hook on the right side of the dog

because the spleen is not on this side.

The spleen lies on the left side of the dog

and many times you can have trouble lacerating the spleen if you're using the spay hook on this side.

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So to use the spay hook on the right side,

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you go along the body wall to the bottom of the body and lift up,

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trapping the uterus or the broad ligament.

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If you have bleeding problems inside of the dog's abdomen during surgery,

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it's important to understand how to use the biological retractors.

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On the right side of the abdomen,

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the descending duodenum, which you can see next to the pancreas, is the biological retractor.

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You pick it up and and entrap the rest of the intestines in it.

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You can retract it to the side and more easily visualize the structures by the kidney and the ovarian vessels.

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Generally, you're looking for the ovarian vessel to re-ligate it or to be sure that it is not a source of bleeding.

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So by retracting the duodenum on the right side, that will enable you to visualize this area.

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On the left side of the dog, the descending colon is the biological retractor.

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You take the colon up and reflect it to the opposite side.

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And it will allow you to visualize this area around the

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base of the kidneys where you might have a bleeding ovarian vessel if a ligature has slipped.

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So again, this is the biological retractor on this side.

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And to look for a bleeder in the ovarian body,

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you reflect the bladder caudally and obtain the uterine body here.

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And you can inspect the body and the blood vessels on either side of it.

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Okay.

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If you've transected the ovary and reflected it backwards and have bleeding at your ovarian pedicle,

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what you need to do is to, on the left side, use the colon as the biological retractor,

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open up the abdomen, and find these blood vessels as they come off just coddled to the kidney.

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and this dog is not bleeding because she's euthanized

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but the blood vessels come off at the caudal aspect of the kidney

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and you want to try to obtain them with your finger and elevate them before you put a clamp on them.

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If you go in with a clamp and just clamp blindly

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There's a possibility of grabbing other vital structures such as the ureter

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that comes off of the kidney and that could be incorporated into your ligature when you tie that again.

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So again it is better technique to grab this pedicle with your fingers

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and elevate it before you put the clamp on it.

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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики уровня C1 построен на видео «Spay Anatomy in a Cadaver Dog». Чаще всего повторяются слова: ligament, ovary, wall, uterine, kidney. В этом видео 130 предложений и 1728 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 14:57. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 116 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. Только 80% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:

Слово	Произношение	Значение
ligament существительное	/ˈlɪɡəmənt/	свя́зка, лигаме́нт
ovary существительное	/ˈoʊvəɹi/	яи́чник, за́вязь
uterine прилагательное	/ˈjutəɹaɪn/	утробный, маточный
spay глагол	/speɪ/	стерилизова́ть, удаля́ть яи́чники
kidney существительное	/ˈkɪdni/	по́чка
colon существительное	/ˈkoʊ.lən/	двоето́чие
caudal прилагательное	/ˈkɔːdəl/	кауда́льный, хвостово́й
clamp существительное	/ˈklæmp/	зажи́м, хому́т
bladder существительное	/ˈblædɚ/	пузы́рь
elevate глагол	/ˈɛləveɪt/	поднима́ть, подня́ть
abdomen существительное	/ˈæb.də.mən/	живо́т
abdominal прилагательное	/æbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/	брюшно́й, абдомина́льный
bleed глагол	/ˈbliːd/	пусти́ть кровь, пуска́ть кровь
attach глагол	/əˈtæt͡ʃ/	прикрепля́ть, прикрепи́ть
spleen существительное	/spliːn/	хандра́, сплин

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

Слово	Произношение	Значение
lift up глагол		задирать
go over глагол		хорошо́ принима́ться
come around глагол	/kʌ.məˈɹaʊnd/	переду́мать
come off глагол		отвалиться, отсоединиться
end up глагол		зака́нчиваться, зако́нчиться
go up глагол		поднима́ться, подня́ться
pick up глагол		подбира́ть, подобра́ть
put up глагол		ста́вить

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	has been euthanized · is attached · can be easily cut
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	has been euthanized · has slipped · you've transected
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете	ovary, which is · vessels which are · uterus which is

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 30 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например you're, we're, we'll. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

Звуки «sh» и «zh»: traction /ˈtɹæk.ʃən/, incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/, visualize /ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz/
Длинные слова — следите за ударением: ovarian /oʊˈvɛɹi.ən/, exteriorize /ɪkˈstɪɹi.əˌɹaɪz/, anatomy /əˈnætəmi/, hysterectomy /hɪstəˈɹɛktəmi/, perpendicular /ˌpɜː.pənˈdɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

/w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: sweep /swiːp/, backward /ˈbækwɚd/
Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: bleed /ˈbliːd/, visualize /ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz/, euthanize /ˈjuː.θənˌaɪz/, exteriorize /ɪkˈstɪɹi.əˌɹaɪz/, descend /dəˈsɛnd/

Как заниматься с этим видео

Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как ligament, ovary, uterine.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →

Практика Shadowing: Spay Anatomy in a Cadaver Dog - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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