シャドーイング練習: What is Psychology? (Intro Psych Tutorial #1) - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Hi, I'm Michael Corayer and this is Psych Exam Review, where I answer common questions and explain the key concepts in psychology.

This is the first video, so I'm going to start with a basic question, that is, what is psychology?

Now if you've ever told someone that you're taking a psychology class, you probably already know that there's a lot of misconceptions about what psychology is.

Despite what people think, it's not about analyzing someone's every move or trying to read people's minds or anything like that.

So we can say that psychology is the scientific study of thought and behavior.

This means that psychologists want to know why people think the things

that they think and why they do the things that they do

and answering these questions can help us to better understand the world.

We can understand the causes of events and behaviors and we can understand how and why people differ from one another.

Now this is a pretty broad field saying

that we're going to study thought and behavior and this means that psychology is really connected to everything that people do.

Anything that you're interested in, psychology can help you to understand it,

but because it's so we have to break psychology up into a number of subfields.

So let's see a few examples of these.

We have cognitive psychology and cognitive psychology focuses on cognition or thought.

So how do our thoughts influence us?

How do they influence our emotional state or our decision -making or our behavior?

We also have evolutionary psychology and evolutionary psychologists want to know how our thinking

and our behavior has been shaped over millions of years of evolution, so how have certain patterns been selected for over time.

We also have developmental psychology, and developmental psychologists also want to know about how we change over time,

but they look at a much shorter time period, the course of a lifespan.

So how do people change from infancy to adolescence or from adolescence to adulthood.

Then we have neuroscience and neuroscience is focused on studying the brain and brain activity.

Now this might be connected to our thinking

so we might look for patterns of brain activity

and how they connect to thought and that would fall under cognitive neuroscience

or we might focus on the relationship between brain activity and behavior and that would be considered behavioral neuroscience.

Now many of these approaches focus on an individual, but we can also think about how being in a group influences thought and behavior.

So how do you change when you're around other people?

And that would fall under social psychology.

And lastly we have abnormal psychology, and this is the area that most people think of when they think of psychology,

and and this is studying thoughts and behaviors that are deemed to be abnormal.

Included within this would be clinical psychology, and that is examining the diagnosis and also the treatment of psychological disorders.

Now these are just a few of the subfields of psychology, there are others, but it's important to remember

that each of these approaches uses slightly different methods and has different ways of studying thought and behavior,

But none of these represents the best approach.

There's not one right way to study thought and behavior.

Instead we should think of all these different approaches as each being a piece of the puzzle that we're trying to solve.

That's a general overview of the field of psychology and

if you found this helpful please like the video and subscribe to the channel for more.

Thanks for watching.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「What is Psychology?」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：psychology, behavior, neuroscience, brain, psychologists。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が11文、単語が598語あります。音声の長さは4:18です。話す速さは1分あたり約139語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。単語の84%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。全11文のうち4文が疑問文なので、疑問文のイントネーションや短い受け答えの練習に向いています。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
psychology 名詞	/saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/	心理学, サイコロジー
connect 動詞	/kəˈnɛkt/	繋げる
psychologist 名詞	/ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/	心理学者
abnormal 形容詞	/ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/	不自然, 異常
select 動詞	/sɪˈlɛkt/	選ぶ
helpful 形容詞	/ˈhɛlp.fl̩/	役に立つ, 有用
solve 動詞	/sɒlv/	解決する
disorder 名詞	/dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/	混乱
diagnosis 名詞	/daɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/	診断
examine 動詞	/ɪɡˈzæmɪn/	調べる
overview 名詞	/ˈoʊ.vɚˌvjuː/	概要
differ 動詞	/ˈdɪfɚ/	異なる, 違う
subscribe 動詞	/səbˈskɹaɪb/	購読する
puzzle 名詞	/ˈpʌzəl/	難題, 難問
analyze 動詞	/ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/	分析する

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	is really connected · has been shaped · might be connected
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	you've ever told · has been shaped

注意したい発音

話し手はyou're, we're, I'llなど、短縮形や弱形を8回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「sh」と「zh」の音: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, cognition /kɑɡˈnɪʃ.ən/, misconception /ˌmɪs.kənˈsɛp.ʃən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, abnormal /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, solve /sɒlv/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, differ /ˈdɪfɚ/, infancy /ˈɪnfənsi/, lifespan /ˈlaɪf.spæn/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。psychology, connect, psychologistなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: What is Psychology? (Intro Psych Tutorial #1) - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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