تدريب Shadowing: What is Psychology? (Intro Psych Tutorial #1) - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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1
Hi, I'm Michael Corayer and this is Psych Exam Review, where I answer common questions and explain the key concepts in psychology.
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This is the first video, so I'm going to start with a basic question, that is, what is psychology?
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Now if you've ever told someone that you're taking a psychology class, you probably already know that there's a lot of misconceptions about what psychology is.
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Despite what people think, it's not about analyzing someone's every move or trying to read people's minds or anything like that.
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So we can say that psychology is the scientific study of thought and behavior.
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This means that psychologists want to know why people think the things
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that they think and why they do the things that they do
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and answering these questions can help us to better understand the world.
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We can understand the causes of events and behaviors and we can understand how and why people differ from one another.
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Now this is a pretty broad field saying
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that we're going to study thought and behavior and this means that psychology is really connected to everything that people do.
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Anything that you're interested in, psychology can help you to understand it,
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but because it's so we have to break psychology up into a number of subfields.
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So let's see a few examples of these.
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We have cognitive psychology and cognitive psychology focuses on cognition or thought.
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So how do our thoughts influence us?
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How do they influence our emotional state or our decision -making or our behavior?
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We also have evolutionary psychology and evolutionary psychologists want to know how our thinking
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and our behavior has been shaped over millions of years of evolution, so how have certain patterns been selected for over time.
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We also have developmental psychology, and developmental psychologists also want to know about how we change over time,
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but they look at a much shorter time period, the course of a lifespan.
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So how do people change from infancy to adolescence or from adolescence to adulthood.
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Then we have neuroscience and neuroscience is focused on studying the brain and brain activity.
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Now this might be connected to our thinking
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so we might look for patterns of brain activity
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and how they connect to thought and that would fall under cognitive neuroscience
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or we might focus on the relationship between brain activity and behavior and that would be considered behavioral neuroscience.
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Now many of these approaches focus on an individual, but we can also think about how being in a group influences thought and behavior.
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So how do you change when you're around other people?
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And that would fall under social psychology.
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And lastly we have abnormal psychology, and this is the area that most people think of when they think of psychology,
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and and this is studying thoughts and behaviors that are deemed to be abnormal.
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Included within this would be clinical psychology, and that is examining the diagnosis and also the treatment of psychological disorders.
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Now these are just a few of the subfields of psychology, there are others, but it's important to remember
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that each of these approaches uses slightly different methods and has different ways of studying thought and behavior,
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But none of these represents the best approach.
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There's not one right way to study thought and behavior.
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Instead we should think of all these different approaches as each being a piece of the puzzle that we're trying to solve.
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That's a general overview of the field of psychology and
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if you found this helpful please like the video and subscribe to the channel for more.
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Thanks for watching.

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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “What is Psychology?”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: psychology, behavior, neuroscience, brain, psychologists. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 11 جملة و598 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 4:18. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 139 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 84% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء. 4 من أصل 11 جملة هي أسئلة، لذلك يناسب التدرب على نبرة السؤال والإجابات القصيرة.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:

الكلمةالنطقالمعنى
psychology اسم/saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/سَيْكُولُوجْيَا, عِلْم النَّفْس
connect فعل/kəˈnɛkt/رَبَطَ
cognitive صفة/ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/إِدْرَاكِيّ
psychologist اسم/ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/نَفْسَانِيّ, عَالِم النَّفْس
abnormal صفة/ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/غَيْر طَبِيعِيّ
select فعل/sɪˈlɛkt/اِخْتَارَ
helpful صفة/ˈhɛlp.fl̩/نَافِع, مُفِيد
solve فعل/sɒlv/ذَابَ, حَلَّ
evolution اسم/ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/تَطَوُّر
disorder اسم/dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/اِخْتِلال, اِضْطِراب
diagnosis اسم/daɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/تَشْخِيص
examine فعل/ɪɡˈzæmɪn/فَحَصَ, اِمْتَحَنَ
differ فعل/ˈdɪfɚ/اِخْتَلَفَ
subscribe فعل/səbˈskɹaɪb/اِشْتَرَكَ
puzzle اسم/ˈpʌzəl/لُغْز, مُعْضِلَة

القواعد في هذا الفيديو

أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:

التركيبفي الفيديو
المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعلهis really connected · has been shaped · might be connected
المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآنyou've ever told · has been shaped

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

يستخدم المتحدث 8 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل you're, we're, I'll. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.

  • أصوات “sh” و“zh”: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, cognition /kɑɡˈnɪʃ.ən/, misconception /ˌmɪs.kənˈsɛp.ʃən/
  • الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/

أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:

  • /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/, lifespan /ˈlaɪf.spæn/, misconception /ˌmɪs.kənˈsɛp.ʃən/
  • /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, solve /sɒlv/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/
  • تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: connect /kəˈnɛkt/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, abnormal /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/, select /sɪˈlɛkt/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

  1. استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
  2. ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
  3. سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل psychology, connect, cognitive.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

تقنية الشادوينغ: اقرأ الدليل الكامل خطوة بخطوة →