Pratique du Shadowing: What is Psychology? (Intro Psych Tutorial #1) - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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Hi, I'm Michael Corayer and this is Psych Exam Review, where I answer common questions and explain the key concepts in psychology.
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This is the first video, so I'm going to start with a basic question, that is, what is psychology?
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Now if you've ever told someone that you're taking a psychology class, you probably already know that there's a lot of misconceptions about what psychology is.
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Despite what people think, it's not about analyzing someone's every move or trying to read people's minds or anything like that.
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So we can say that psychology is the scientific study of thought and behavior.
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This means that psychologists want to know why people think the things
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that they think and why they do the things that they do
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and answering these questions can help us to better understand the world.
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We can understand the causes of events and behaviors and we can understand how and why people differ from one another.
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Now this is a pretty broad field saying
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that we're going to study thought and behavior and this means that psychology is really connected to everything that people do.
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Anything that you're interested in, psychology can help you to understand it,
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but because it's so we have to break psychology up into a number of subfields.
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So let's see a few examples of these.
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We have cognitive psychology and cognitive psychology focuses on cognition or thought.
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So how do our thoughts influence us?
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How do they influence our emotional state or our decision -making or our behavior?
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We also have evolutionary psychology and evolutionary psychologists want to know how our thinking
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and our behavior has been shaped over millions of years of evolution, so how have certain patterns been selected for over time.
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We also have developmental psychology, and developmental psychologists also want to know about how we change over time,
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but they look at a much shorter time period, the course of a lifespan.
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So how do people change from infancy to adolescence or from adolescence to adulthood.
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Then we have neuroscience and neuroscience is focused on studying the brain and brain activity.
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Now this might be connected to our thinking
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so we might look for patterns of brain activity
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and how they connect to thought and that would fall under cognitive neuroscience
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or we might focus on the relationship between brain activity and behavior and that would be considered behavioral neuroscience.
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Now many of these approaches focus on an individual, but we can also think about how being in a group influences thought and behavior.
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So how do you change when you're around other people?
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And that would fall under social psychology.
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And lastly we have abnormal psychology, and this is the area that most people think of when they think of psychology,
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and and this is studying thoughts and behaviors that are deemed to be abnormal.
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Included within this would be clinical psychology, and that is examining the diagnosis and also the treatment of psychological disorders.
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Now these are just a few of the subfields of psychology, there are others, but it's important to remember
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that each of these approaches uses slightly different methods and has different ways of studying thought and behavior,
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But none of these represents the best approach.
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There's not one right way to study thought and behavior.
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Instead we should think of all these different approaches as each being a piece of the puzzle that we're trying to solve.
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That's a general overview of the field of psychology and
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if you found this helpful please like the video and subscribe to the channel for more.
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Thanks for watching.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « What is Psychology? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : psychology, behavior, neuroscience, brain, psychologists. Cette vidéo contient 11 phrases et 598 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 4:18. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 139 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 84 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer. 4 de ses 11 phrases sont des questions : un bon entraînement pour l’intonation interrogative et les réponses courtes.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| psychology nom | /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | psychologie |
| connect verbe | /kəˈnɛkt/ | accoupler, connecter |
| cognitive adjectif | /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/ | cognitif |
| psychologist nom | /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ | psychologue |
| evolutionary adjectif | /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/ | évolutif, évolutionnaire |
| developmental adjectif | /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/ | développemental |
| abnormal adjectif | /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/ | inhabituel, hors norme |
| select verbe | /sɪˈlɛkt/ | choisir, sélectionner |
| helpful adjectif | /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ | utile, serviable |
| solve verbe | /sɒlv/ | résoudre, régler |
| evolution nom | /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ | évolution |
| disorder nom | /dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/ | désordre |
| psychological adjectif | /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/ | psychologique |
| diagnosis nom | /daɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ | diagnostic, diagnose |
| examine verbe | /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ | examiner |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is really connected · has been shaped · might be connected |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | you've ever told · has been shaped |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 8 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, we're, I'll. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, cognition /kɑɡˈnɪʃ.ən/, misconception /ˌmɪs.kənˈsɛp.ʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, abnormal /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/, disorder /dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme psychology, connect, cognitive.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.