シャドーイング練習: Why Living In Australia Is Impossible - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
練習モードを選ぶ
各モードは全画面の練習ルームで開きます。
167 文
文が短すぎたり長すぎる場合は、Editをタップして調整してください。
1
2023, for only the third time in 40 years, Australia entered a per capita recession.
2
The result?
3
Australian wages declined to levels not seen since June 2011.
4
Even with devastating bushfires, the Covid 19 pandemic and lockdown.
5
When polled, there was one thing that affected Australians more than anything else the cost of living.
6
Over the last few decades, Australia has experienced one of the greatest housing booms the world has ever seen.
7
Since 1973, Australian house prices have increased by 36 times across the capital cities and Sydney is now the second most unaffordable place to live in the world.
8
How and why did we end up here?
9
This is the dark side of Australia.
10
Australia is one of the most beautiful places in the entire world, surrounded by oceans filled with world class beaches, cities and parks.
11
The country looks like a Paradise, but if you want to live here, it's easier said than done.
12
To buy the median home in Melbourne.
13
A family needs to earn at least $170,000 per year.
14
In Sydney, that number balloons to $260,000 per year.
15
Compare this to the median household income in both cities of $100,000, and it becomes clear that home ownership is far out of reach for most Australians.
16
Now, some might argue that this is only a Sydney or Melbourne issue, but that's just not the case.
17
Since 2020, House prices in Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth have increased by over 50%, while wages only grew 12%.
18
Home ownership is becoming less and less attainable for many Australians, especially young Australians.
19
Oh it's rough, rough yea we can't find anything really.
20
Young people have not had the luxury to benefit from skyrocketing home values and are constantly playing catch up.
21
The result?
22
Home ownership rates for people under 34 have declined nearly 25%.
23
The craziest example of Australia's housing crisis was this home in Sydney.
24
It was sold without a toilet, without power and without a kitchen.
25
But that didn't stop a bidding war and someone paying $3.5 million.
26
But what if you just want to rent?
27
Surely you can find a decent place to rent.
28
Sadly, no. Median rents in Sydney exceed $3,000 per month, while Brisbane is not too far behind at $2,500.
29
Historically, Australian rental rates increased at a reasonable amount per year.
30
However, since 2020, annual rental rates have skyrocketed by over 8% per year.
31
People are caught between a rock and a hard place trying to pay 2024 rental prices with 2011 wages, and this would all be fine and dandy if people could find a place to live.
32
But the demand for rental units is insatiable.
33
Every rental unit application is met with dozens, if not hundreds of competing applications.
34
Viewings have lines wrapped around blocks, and at the end of the day.
35
Renters aren't fighting for anything beyond a place to live, a place to sleep, and a place to call home.
36
100 other people applied for my apartment and like did the interviews.
37
It was really difficult.
38
We were on Facebook groups for a while.
39
There's just so much competition The dream of working hard to afford a comfortable life is slowly fading.
40
And hard working, honest Australians are left feeling hopeless.
41
All of this begs the question why is real estate out of control?
42
The first culprit that many point to is immigration.
43
Well this week the government say the migration system is broken and needs a massive overhaul from 2022 to 23 Australia welcomed nearly 740,000 people to put things into perspective.
44
That's more immigrants than any year in modern Australian history and 200,000 more than pre-COVID levels.
45
The impact of this huge spike in immigration is simple.
46
More demand with the same housing supply equals higher prices.
47
Specifically, economists and analysts believe that immigration has primarily impacted rental housing.
48
The bulk of immigrants to Australia are temporary visa holders, and 70% of them are renters.
49
The impact hits hard in migrant heavy suburbs, for example, Melbourne's south east or Sydney's inner southwest, saw 18% jumps in rents in the last year.
50
In addition, immigrants are often willing to split their unit with more people to stretch their dollar.
51
Out-competing locals.
52
This has led to an increased yield on rental rates on real estate that had not been seen in Australia for decades.
53
But what about housing?
54
The argument that immigrants are a primary contributor to the increase in housing prices is quite weak.
55
Australia's migration rate has actually decreased over the last decade and is in line with historical averages.
56
However, over the preceding years and decades, there is one big difference.
57
While immigration has continued to grow with the population, housing starts have declined.
58
The construction industry is facing a catch 22, with the cost of building a new home rising again in 2023, 170,000 dwellings were completed, the lowest amount in a decade.
59
At the same time, Australia saw the biggest spikes in immigration in a generation.
60
So what gives?
61
Since 1966, the number of homes being built relative to the population of Australia has been declining.
62
Specifically, in the year 2000, building rates fell off a cliff, creating a significant supply shortage whose impact can still be felt today.
63
One of the main culprits for Australia's decline in housing starts Is culture.
64
Australia is a very suburban environment where communities and citizens have opted for urban sprawl over densification.
65
For example, Sydney and Melbourne have about 2000 people per square kilometer.
66
Compare this to 6000 in London, 4400 in Munich and 3600 in Amsterdam.
67
It is a shocking difference when compared to other major Western cities.
68
Australian cities are some of the least densely populated in the world.
69
Many Australians believe that a suburban environment is ideal for raising families and safe communities.
70
Thankfully, Australia has a ton of land that is mostly unpopulated.
71
Theoretically, they can continue to build outward and maintain sprawl.
72
Sydney alone could add 280,000 homes in its greenfield growth areas, but sadly this would work in theory.
73
But Australia has a major NIMBY problem.
74
Even though Australia is going through an extreme housing crisis, March 2024 saw the lowest number of detached home approvals since 2012.
75
These aren't high rise condos.
76
These are detached, single family suburban homes.
77
Strong community advocacy and government red tape lead to extremely long approval times for housing developments.
78
For example, to receive an approval for a single home development in New South Wales, it takes 111 days on average.
79
In Liverpool, that jumps to 288 days.
80
Compare this to Texas, where it generally takes less than a week.
81
These long wait times have made it impossible for the government to achieve homebuilding targets specifically.
82
Australia is on track to build 40% less homes than needed to meet the government's affordable housing targets.
83
The low rate of approvals for housing has created an artificial land scarcity, which in turn has driven up the price of land.
84
Since 2020, home values have risen at three times the rate of apartments.
85
With land becoming such a scarce resource.
86
It further challenges developments as it becomes increasingly expensive to acquire and develop land economically.
87
But this is almost entirely by design.
88
A scarce land benefits home owners.
89
This has had a tremendous impact on young people in particular.
90
Remember, home ownership rates for young people have dropped by 25% compared to only 8% for the general population.
91
Okay, we can all agree that immigration and low development rates are worsening Australia's housing crisis.
92
But there is another critical factor at play.
93
Tax incentives.
94
During the 1930s, Australia had a major housing shortage and wanted to encourage investment in rental properties.
95
To encourage this, the country introduced negative gearing.
96
Negative gearing allows an investor to offset the losses on a rental property against their personal income.
97
For example, if you make $100,000 per year and lost $10,000 on your rental property, you can deduct the $10,000 off your personal income tax.
98
This idea is pretty novel.
99
In fact, out of the entire OECD, only New Zealand and Japan have these policies.
100
During the 1980s, the government tried to change negative gearing rules, imposing restrictions on deductions that can be claimed.
101
Similar to the United Kingdom.
102
But this was met with significant backlash and negative gearing was returned to its original form.
103
As the old adage goes, you can give, but you can never take.
104
At the same time, in the 1980s, the government removed interest rate controls, which made it meaningfully cheaper for Australians to use debt to buy homes.
105
This made negative gearing even more attractive and allowed people to leverage debt to execute the strategy.
106
Now, this alone isn't enough to put Australia over the edge.
107
Not only can you leverage negative gearing, but you can also hold real estate investments in your retirement account, known as a super.
108
For those who don't know, a super is similar to an IRA like an IRA.
109
A super has meaningful tax benefits and when buying real estate rental income taxes are reduced to 15% instead of your marginal rate.
110
Unlike the US, where buying real estate through an IRA is a huge pain and costly, in Australia it's extremely easy and often encouraged.
111
But that isn't all.
112
There's more.
113
In 1999, the Australian government reduced capital gains on real estate sales by 50%.
114
And if you are holding your property in a super, you're effectively only paying a 10% tax.
115
There is almost no country on earth that has such a favorable tax regime for property investors.
116
Australia is truly exception.
117
This tax regime has been criticized heavily.
118
The argument against it is that it materially benefits land owners and older Australians.
119
And frankly, the argument is quite sound.
120
These tax policies have encouraged speculation in real estate and are costing taxpayers nearly $8 billion per year.
121
Some might argue that this is overblown, but when 50 to 80% of all investment properties are negatively geared, there is a problem.
122
A system that encourages speculation on income losing properties is highly flawed and very unique.
123
But this has created another challenge.
124
Australia has made it so good to invest in nonproductive assets like real estate, that no one bothers to invest in anything else.
125
Australia's productivity growth has been slowing over the last few decades.
126
The average annual labor productivity growth between 2010 and 2020 was only 1.1%, significantly lower than previous decades.
127
A lot of this is due to the lack of innovation and growth in non-service and non-mining sectors in Australia.
128
The best way to put in perspective how little Australia innovates is to look at its R&D spend as a percentage of GDP.
129
In 2022, Australia spent 1.7% of GDP on R&D.
130
When compared to other major nations, that is terrible.
131
The OECD average is 2.4% and major countries like the US, Germany and the United Kingdom are all far better than Australia.
132
As a result, nominal GDP per capita and real GDP per capita have not increased over the last ten years.
133
Wages and job prospects are eroding while cost of living continues to rise.
134
The loser? hard working Australians.
135
Even when you compare business and income tax, it's clear that Australia is deciding that land ownership is the most important investment activity.
136
Average income taxes charged in Australia are higher than all but three OECD countries, and corporate taxes are no different.
137
Australia's corporate tax rate is 6.3% higher than the OECD average.
138
And when comparing Australia's small business tax to even Canada's, Australia's is 2.5 times higher.
139
Currently, Australia collects a disproportionate amount of government revenue from income taxes and corporate taxes, and a disproportionately low amount from real estate.
140
As Charlie Munger famously said, show me the incentives and I'll show you the outcome.
141
Here you have it a government that has incentivized speculation on housing while incentivizing working hard and building productive businesses.
142
The incentive to hoard land, the outcome a terribly unfair economic system.
143
I can already imagine the comments on this video blaming political parties for the issues at hand, and that might be easy to blame any single government for the housing crisis in Australia.
144
But in reality, this problem has persisted for decades.
145
The Labor Party of Paul Keating saw a modest rise in housing prices, while concurrently seeing a rapid modernization and growth of the overall Australian economy.
146
Overall, his tenure was mostly balanced, but then John Howard came in and saw the greatest rise in housing prices in modern Australian history.
147
Under his tenure, housing more than doubled.
148
Then the Labor Party got three chances, but housing continued to grow, only slowing down because of the financial crisis.
149
Following this was the coalition government.
150
Tony Abbott.
151
Strike. Malcolm Turnbull strike.
152
Scott Morrison strike and housing still out of control.
153
Now, with Anthony Albanese at the helm, we finish the decade with a massive increase in housing prices.
154
If you bought a home in 1992 for half $1 million today, it would be worth $2.4 million.
155
And if you were born after 1992, you probably don't own a home and might never.
156
The conclusion is simple.
157
This is beyond political parties.
158
Australia's housing crisis runs deep.
159
It is something that cannot be solved by jumping from one bandwagon to the next.
160
What will it require?
161
Incentivizing business investment.
162
Lowering income taxes for hardworking Australians.
163
Abolishing negative gearing.
164
Lowering capital gains incentives.
165
Removing red tape to encourage development and educated Australians who can keep politicians honest.
166
You are the solution and your tool is policy.
167
Good luck. Subscribe to two and 20 for more economics and finance analysis.
アプリをダウンロード
流暢に話すために必要なすべて
AI発音採点文ごとに採点
IPA練習すべての音をマスター
単語学習自分の単語帳を作る
単語ゲーム遊びながら覚える
同じチャンネル
FOR YOU
おすすめ動画
B23
95 文
Australia has enough houses. So why can't anyone afford one? Housing economist explains.
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B23
161 文
You Won't Become Fluent in English Just Living in Another Country
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B24
260 文
Things That Are Normal in America But Insane Everywhere Else
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
152 文
Three killed in horrific Sydney crash; deepening Royal scandal; fears underworld will erupt | 7NEWS
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B28
240 文
Why Australia’s Solar Is So Cheap (And Ours Isn’t)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B29
13 文
Labor's near record poll plunge | 9 News Australia
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B26
295 文
I built a Tiny Home at 19 & now I don't pay rent!
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
155 文
리스닝 실력 쑥쑥 UP 영어 뉴스 쉐도잉 I 뉴욕보다 더 비싸진 마이애미
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B29
42 文
Inside Hong Kong’s cage homes
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B24
169 文
Powering The Internet is Becoming a Big Problem
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B23
268 文
Australia and New Zealand Compared
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B25
156 文
B2 Advanced English: Discussion and Debate: Rent or Own?
Business EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Why Living In Australia Is Impossible」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：Australia, housing, Australian, rate, rental。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が167文、単語が2218語あります。 音声の長さは14:52です。 話す速さは1分あたり約149語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の82%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| rental 名詞 | /ˈɹɛntəl/ | レンタル, 賃貸し |
| incentive 名詞 | /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/ | 動機, 誘因 |
| immigrant 名詞 | /ˈɪmɪɡɹənt/ | 移民, 移住者 |
| suburban 形容詞 | /səˈbɜː(ɹ)bən/ | 郊外の |
| median 名詞 | /ˈmiː.di.ən/ | 中間数, 中央値 |
| culprit 名詞 | /ˈkʌlpɹɪt/ | 犯人 |
| skyrocket 動詞 | /ˈskaɪˌɹɒk.ɪt/ | 急騰する, 暴騰する |
| scarce 形容詞 | /ˈskɛɚs/ | 稀, 珍しい |
| leverage 名詞 | /ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ | レバレッジ, レバ |
| shortage 名詞 | /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/ | 不足, 欠損 |
| tenure 名詞 | /ˈtɛn.jʊə/ | 保有 |
| spike 名詞 | /spaɪk/ | 針 |
| investor 名詞 | /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ | 投資家, 出資者 |
| migration 名詞 | /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ | 移住 |
| productivity 名詞 | /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ | 生産性 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| slow down 動詞 | 遅らせる |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了進行形 have/has been + -ing — 以前に始まり今も続いている動作 | has been declining · has been slowing |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | has experienced · have increased · have not had |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | was sold · are caught · is met |
注意したい発音
話し手はaren't, don't, isn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を10回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: speculation /ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, shortage /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/, migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, abolish /əˈbɑl.ɪʃ/, deduction /dɪˈdʌkʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: incentivize /ɪnˈsɛntɪvaɪz/, speculation /ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, attainable /əˈteɪ.nə.bəl/, disproportionate /dɪs.pɹəˈpɔː.ʃə.nət/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: rental /ˈɹɛntəl/, culprit /ˈkʌlpɹɪt/, sprawl /spɹɔːl/, leverage /ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/, disproportionately /ˈdɪs.pɹəˌpɔɹ.ʃən.ət.li/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: incentive /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/, incentivize /ɪnˈsɛntɪvaɪz/, leverage /ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/, investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/, productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: favourable /ˈfeɪv(ə)ɹəbəl/, flawed /flɔːd/, fade /feɪd/, offset /ˈɔf.sɛt/, frankly /fɹæŋkli/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。rental, incentive, immigrantなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。