쉐도잉 연습: 4 IELTS LISTENING MOCK TEST SECTION 4 Stoicism - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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Part 4 You will hear a professor of philosophy giving a talk on the ancient philosophy of Stoicism.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Ancient philosophy is not just about talking or lecturing or even reading long, dense books.
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In fact, it is something people have used throughout history to solve their problems and to achieve their greatest triumphs.
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Specifically, I am referring to Stoicism, which in my opinion is the most practical of all philosophies,
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and therefore the most appealing.
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Stoicism was founded in ancient Greece by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC,
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but was practiced by the likes of Epictetus, Cato, Seneca, and Marcus Aurelius.
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Amazingly, we still have access to these ideas, despite the fact that the most famous Stoics never wrote anything down for publication.
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Cato definitely didn't.
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Marcus Aurelius never intended his meditations to be anything but personal.
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Seneca's letters were, well, letters, and Epictetus's thoughts come to us by way of a note-taking students.
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Stoic principles were based on the idea that its followers could have an unshakable happiness in this life,
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and the key to achieving this was virtue.
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The road to virtue, in turn,
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lay in understanding that destructive emotions like anger and jealousy are under our conscious control.
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They don't have to control us, because we can learn to control them.
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In the words of Epictetus, external events I cannot control, but the choices I make with regard to them I do control.
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The modern-day philosopher
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and writer Nassim Nicholas Taleb defines a Stoic as someone who has a different perspective on experiences
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which most of us would see as wholly negative.
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A Stoic transforms fear into caution,
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pain into transformation, mistakes into initiation, and desire into undertaking.
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Using this definition as a model, we can see that throughout the centuries,
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Stoicism has been practiced in more recent history by kings, presidents, artists, writers, and entrepreneurs.
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The founding fathers of the United States were inspired by the philosophy.
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George Washington was introduced to Stoicism by his neighbours at age 17,
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and later put on a play based on the life of Cato to inspire his men.
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Thomas Jefferson kept a copy of Seneca beside his bed.
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Writers and artists have also been inspired by the Stoics.
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Eugene Delacroix, the renowned French romantic artist, known best for his painting, Liberty Leading the People, was an ardent Stoic,
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referring to it as his consoling religion.
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The economist Adam Smith's theories on capitalism were significantly influenced by the Stoicism
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that he studied as a schoolboy under a teacher who had translated Marcus Aurelius's works.
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Today's political leaders are no different, with many finding their inspiration from the ancient texts.
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Former US President Bill Clinton re-reads Marcus Aurelius every single year,
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and many have compared former President Obama's calm leadership style to that of Cato.
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Wen Jiabao, the former Prime Minister of China, claims that Meditations is one of two books he travels with,
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and that he has read it more than 100 times over the course of his life.
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Stoicism had a profound influence on Albert Ellis, who invented cognitive behavior therapy,
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which is used to help people manage their problems by changing the way that they think and behave.
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It's most commonly used to treat depression.
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The idea is that we can take control of our lives by challenging the irrational beliefs that create our faulty thinking,
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symptoms and behaviors by using logic instead.
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Stoicism has also become popular in the world of business.
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Stoic principles can build the resilience and state of mind required to overcome setbacks,
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because Stoics teach turning obstacles into opportunity, a lesson every business entrepreneur needs to learn.
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I would argue that studying Stoicism is as relevant today as it was 2,000 years ago,
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thanks to its brilliant insights into how to lead a good life.
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At the very root of the thinking, there is a very simple way of living.
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Control what you can and accept what you can't.
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This is not as easy as it sounds and will require considerable practice.
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It can take a lifetime to master.
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The Stoics also believed the most important foundation for a good and happy life is not money,
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fame, power or pleasure, but having a disciplined and principled character,
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something which seems to resonate with many people today.
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That is the end of Part 4.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part 4.
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이 비디오로 배울 수 있는 것
이 비디오를 통해 영어 회화 연습에 필수적인 두 가지 기술을 배울 수 있습니다. 첫째, 복잡한 주제(예: 철학)에서도 명확하게 의견을 전달하는 방법입니다. 교수가 스토아학을 설명할 때 사용하는 구조화된 표현(예: "~에 기반을 두다", "~의 열쇠는 ~이다")을 배우면, 자신의 생각을 체계적으로 말할 수 있습니다. 둘째, 역사적 사실이나 인물을 언급할 때 자연스럽게 연결하는 기술입니다. 비디오에서 다양한 인물(마르쿠스 아우렐리우스, 빌 클린턴 등)을 예로 들며 설명하는 방식을 따라하면, 구체적인 예시를 활용한 회화가 더 쉬워집니다.
들어야 할 소리: 연결된 발음
영어 발음 교정에 도움이 되는 연결된 발음이 많이 등장합니다. 예를 들어, "used throughout history"에서 "used"와 "throughout"가 /juːzdθruː/로 연결되고, "based on the idea"는 /beɪstɑnðiˈaɪdiə/로 발음됩니다. 또한, "don't have to"는 /doʊnt hæv tə/가 아니라 /doʊn hæv tə/로 축약되는 것을 주목하세요. 이러한 연결과 축약을 잘 듣고 따라하면, 자연스러운 영어 발음을 익힐 수 있습니다.
원어민처럼 말하기: 리듬과 강세
원어민처럼 말하는 비결은 리듬과 강세입니다. 이 비디오의 교수는 중요한 단어(예: "Stoicism", "virtue", "resilience")에 강세를 두고 말합니다. "The key to achieving this was virtue"에서 "key", "achieving", "virtue"가 강조되며, 문장의 리듬을 형성합니다. shadow speech 기법을 사용해 교수의 발음과 리듬을 정확히 모방해보세요. "shadowspeak" 연습을 하면, 문장의 흐름을 자연스럽게 따라가는 능력이 향상될 뿐만 아니라, 듣는 능력도 함께 키울 수 있습니다. 매일 5분씩 "shadowspeaks"를 연습하면, 빠르게 원어민 같은 발음과 리듬을 익힐 수 있습니다.
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | was founded · was practiced · were based |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | has been practiced · have also been inspired · have compared |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | someone who has · teacher who had |
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.