跟讀練習: 4 IELTS LISTENING MOCK TEST SECTION 4 Stoicism - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Part 4 You will hear a professor of philosophy giving a talk on the ancient philosophy of Stoicism.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Ancient philosophy is not just about talking or lecturing or even reading long, dense books.
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In fact, it is something people have used throughout history to solve their problems and to achieve their greatest triumphs.
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Specifically, I am referring to Stoicism, which in my opinion is the most practical of all philosophies,
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and therefore the most appealing.
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Stoicism was founded in ancient Greece by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC,
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but was practiced by the likes of Epictetus, Cato, Seneca, and Marcus Aurelius.
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Amazingly, we still have access to these ideas, despite the fact that the most famous Stoics never wrote anything down for publication.
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Cato definitely didn't.
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Marcus Aurelius never intended his meditations to be anything but personal.
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Seneca's letters were, well, letters, and Epictetus's thoughts come to us by way of a note-taking students.
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Stoic principles were based on the idea that its followers could have an unshakable happiness in this life,
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and the key to achieving this was virtue.
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The road to virtue, in turn,
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lay in understanding that destructive emotions like anger and jealousy are under our conscious control.
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They don't have to control us, because we can learn to control them.
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In the words of Epictetus, external events I cannot control, but the choices I make with regard to them I do control.
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The modern-day philosopher
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and writer Nassim Nicholas Taleb defines a Stoic as someone who has a different perspective on experiences
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which most of us would see as wholly negative.
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A Stoic transforms fear into caution,
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pain into transformation, mistakes into initiation, and desire into undertaking.
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Using this definition as a model, we can see that throughout the centuries,
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Stoicism has been practiced in more recent history by kings, presidents, artists, writers, and entrepreneurs.
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The founding fathers of the United States were inspired by the philosophy.
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George Washington was introduced to Stoicism by his neighbours at age 17,
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and later put on a play based on the life of Cato to inspire his men.
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Thomas Jefferson kept a copy of Seneca beside his bed.
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Writers and artists have also been inspired by the Stoics.
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Eugene Delacroix, the renowned French romantic artist, known best for his painting, Liberty Leading the People, was an ardent Stoic,
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referring to it as his consoling religion.
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The economist Adam Smith's theories on capitalism were significantly influenced by the Stoicism
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that he studied as a schoolboy under a teacher who had translated Marcus Aurelius's works.
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Today's political leaders are no different, with many finding their inspiration from the ancient texts.
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Former US President Bill Clinton re-reads Marcus Aurelius every single year,
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and many have compared former President Obama's calm leadership style to that of Cato.
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Wen Jiabao, the former Prime Minister of China, claims that Meditations is one of two books he travels with,
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and that he has read it more than 100 times over the course of his life.
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Stoicism had a profound influence on Albert Ellis, who invented cognitive behavior therapy,
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which is used to help people manage their problems by changing the way that they think and behave.
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It's most commonly used to treat depression.
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The idea is that we can take control of our lives by challenging the irrational beliefs that create our faulty thinking,
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symptoms and behaviors by using logic instead.
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Stoicism has also become popular in the world of business.
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Stoic principles can build the resilience and state of mind required to overcome setbacks,
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because Stoics teach turning obstacles into opportunity, a lesson every business entrepreneur needs to learn.
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I would argue that studying Stoicism is as relevant today as it was 2,000 years ago,
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thanks to its brilliant insights into how to lead a good life.
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At the very root of the thinking, there is a very simple way of living.
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Control what you can and accept what you can't.
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This is not as easy as it sounds and will require considerable practice.
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It can take a lifetime to master.
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The Stoics also believed the most important foundation for a good and happy life is not money,
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fame, power or pleasure, but having a disciplined and principled character,
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something which seems to resonate with many people today.
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That is the end of Part 4.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part 4.

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為什麼用這個影片練習英語口語？

想提升英語口語，尤其是影子跟讀（shadow speech）能力，這個關於斯多葛主義的哲學講座影片再合適不過。它的語速適中，內容邏輯清晰，涵蓋歷史、哲學、現代應用等多元話題，能讓你在看影片學英語的同時，積累豐富表達。更重要的是，講座中的論述結構（如觀點+案例）是雅思口語Part 3的常見模式，練習英語口語練習時模仿這種邏輯，能有效提升答題條理性。

語境中的語法與表達

影片裡有不少值得關注的表達：1. “...is not just about... In fact, it is...” 用於轉折並強調核心觀點，適合口語中展開論述；2. “the key to achieving this was virtue” 中“the key to doing”結構，是說明方法的高頻句式；3. “transforms fear into caution, pain into transformation” 用排比增強說服力，可模仿用於描述事物的積極轉化。這些表達不僅實用，還能讓口語更具高階感。

發音陷阱需注意

練習影子跟讀時，有些單詞的發音容易出錯。比如“Stoicism”（斯多葛主義）的重音在第一音節，不要讀成“sto-I-cism”；“Zeno of Citium”中的“Citium”發音接近“西提姆”，而非“希提姆”；“Nassim Nicholas Taleb”的“Taleb”尾音較輕，避免重讀。此外，演講者的連讀現象（如“turning obstacles into opportunity”中“into”與“opportunity”的連讀）也需仔細聽辨，才能跟上節奏。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的was founded · was practiced · were based
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事have used · has been practiced · have also been inspired
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物someone who has · teacher who had

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

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