Практика Shadowing: 4 IELTS LISTENING MOCK TEST SECTION 4 Stoicism - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

Создание урока...
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Part 4 You will hear a professor of philosophy giving a talk on the ancient philosophy of Stoicism.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Ancient philosophy is not just about talking or lecturing or even reading long, dense books.
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In fact, it is something people have used throughout history to solve their problems and to achieve their greatest triumphs.
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Specifically, I am referring to Stoicism, which in my opinion is the most practical of all philosophies,
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and therefore the most appealing.
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Stoicism was founded in ancient Greece by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC,
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but was practiced by the likes of Epictetus, Cato, Seneca, and Marcus Aurelius.
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Amazingly, we still have access to these ideas, despite the fact that the most famous Stoics never wrote anything down for publication.
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Cato definitely didn't.
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Marcus Aurelius never intended his meditations to be anything but personal.
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Seneca's letters were, well, letters, and Epictetus's thoughts come to us by way of a note-taking students.
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Stoic principles were based on the idea that its followers could have an unshakable happiness in this life,
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and the key to achieving this was virtue.
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The road to virtue, in turn,
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lay in understanding that destructive emotions like anger and jealousy are under our conscious control.
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They don't have to control us, because we can learn to control them.
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In the words of Epictetus, external events I cannot control, but the choices I make with regard to them I do control.
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The modern-day philosopher
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and writer Nassim Nicholas Taleb defines a Stoic as someone who has a different perspective on experiences
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which most of us would see as wholly negative.
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A Stoic transforms fear into caution,
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pain into transformation, mistakes into initiation, and desire into undertaking.
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Using this definition as a model, we can see that throughout the centuries,
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Stoicism has been practiced in more recent history by kings, presidents, artists, writers, and entrepreneurs.
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The founding fathers of the United States were inspired by the philosophy.
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George Washington was introduced to Stoicism by his neighbours at age 17,
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and later put on a play based on the life of Cato to inspire his men.
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Thomas Jefferson kept a copy of Seneca beside his bed.
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Writers and artists have also been inspired by the Stoics.
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Eugene Delacroix, the renowned French romantic artist, known best for his painting, Liberty Leading the People, was an ardent Stoic,
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referring to it as his consoling religion.
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The economist Adam Smith's theories on capitalism were significantly influenced by the Stoicism
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that he studied as a schoolboy under a teacher who had translated Marcus Aurelius's works.
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Today's political leaders are no different, with many finding their inspiration from the ancient texts.
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Former US President Bill Clinton re-reads Marcus Aurelius every single year,
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and many have compared former President Obama's calm leadership style to that of Cato.
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Wen Jiabao, the former Prime Minister of China, claims that Meditations is one of two books he travels with,
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and that he has read it more than 100 times over the course of his life.
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Stoicism had a profound influence on Albert Ellis, who invented cognitive behavior therapy,
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which is used to help people manage their problems by changing the way that they think and behave.
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It's most commonly used to treat depression.
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The idea is that we can take control of our lives by challenging the irrational beliefs that create our faulty thinking,
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symptoms and behaviors by using logic instead.
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Stoicism has also become popular in the world of business.
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Stoic principles can build the resilience and state of mind required to overcome setbacks,
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because Stoics teach turning obstacles into opportunity, a lesson every business entrepreneur needs to learn.
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I would argue that studying Stoicism is as relevant today as it was 2,000 years ago,
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thanks to its brilliant insights into how to lead a good life.
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At the very root of the thinking, there is a very simple way of living.
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Control what you can and accept what you can't.
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This is not as easy as it sounds and will require considerable practice.
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It can take a lifetime to master.
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The Stoics also believed the most important foundation for a good and happy life is not money,
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fame, power or pleasure, but having a disciplined and principled character,
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something which seems to resonate with many people today.
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That is the end of Part 4.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part 4.
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О этом уроке

В этом уроке ты познакомишься с аудиоматериалом о стоицизме — древней философии, которая остается актуальной и сегодня. Ты попрактикуешься в аудировании на английском, улучшишь восприятие речиnative speakers и попробуешь себя в shadowing (наподобии репетиции). Материал содержит лекцию профессора, поэтому ты узнаешь новые термины, научился понимать сложные мысли и улучшишь произношение английского, повторяя за спикером.

Ключевой вокабуляр и фразы

  • Stoicism — стоицизм (философия, направленная на управление эмоциями)
  • Virtue — добродетель (основная ценность стоиков)
  • Destructive emotions — разрушительные эмоции (гнев, ревность и т.д.)
  • Resilience — выносливость, способность справляться с трудностями
  • Cognitive behavior therapy — когнитивно-поведенческая терапия (метод лечения, основанный на изменении мышления)

Советы для практики

Чтобы эффективно заниматься shadowing на этом видео, следуй этим шагам. Сначала послушай фрагмент лекции целиком, чтобы понять общую идею. Затем повтори каждый абзац по несколько раз: остановливай видео после каждой фразы и повторяй ее сразу, пытаясь скопировать интонацию и темп спикера. Лектор говорит медленно и четко, что идеально подходит для начинающих. Фокус на звуках, которые сложно для тебя (например, "Epictetus" или "Marcus Aurelius") — повторяй их отдельно. Регулярная практика shadowspeak поможет улучшить произношение английского и сделать речь более естественной. Не бойся ошибок: каждый повторение bring you closer to fluency! Учась английскому по видео, ты не только обогащаешь словарный запас, но и тренируешь слух — это ключ к успешному общению.

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

КонструкцияВ видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делаетwas founded · was practiced · were based
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчасhas been practiced · have also been inspired · have compared
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предметеsomeone who has · teacher who had

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →