쉐도잉 연습: 5 Weird Involuntary Behaviors Explained! - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
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We like to think we walk through our lives completely conscious,
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free to choose whatever we like, totally, completely in control.
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Not even close.
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Our bodies leave a lot to autopilot, which is a good thing, because imagine having to regulate your heartbeat and your breathing and your digestive system and your body temperature,
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while not peeing your pants and falling down.
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That would be hard.
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Many of those involuntary actions are mysterious, annoying, and just plain weird.
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Here are five of the human body's strangest out-of-control behaviors.
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Start typing why does my into Google, and the top result is an eye-opener.
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Involuntary twitching of the muscles around the eye has a number of causes, including dry eyes, caffeine, bright lights, and just like during a tough workout, from simple fatigue.
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It's usually totally harmless and eventually goes away on its own, and it's a good hint that you've probably been looking at that screen enough for one day.
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Looking at bright light can cause more than an eye twitch.
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In Aristotle's book of problems, he asks, why is it that one sneezes more after one has looked at the sun?
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Proving that people have been asking a lot of the same questions for a long time, and no one told Aristotle that you're not supposed to stare at the sun.
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Like, ever.
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The so-called photic sneeze reflex, aka the autosomal cholinergic heliophthalmic outburst,
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abbreviated achoo, yes, seriously, is experienced by about one in four people, leading scientists to believe that it is genetically heritable.
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While the exact cause hasn't been pinpointed, Many scientists think that it's due to crosstalk between the optic nerve
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and the nerve that feeds the tickling sensation in your nose.
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The visual cortex of sun-sneezing people is also prone to overstimulation, which might send the sneeze-sensing parts of their brain haywire.
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Have you ever been just about to go to sleep, walking through the gates to dreamland, only to have the floor pulled out from under you and suddenly you're falling and then you wake up?
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These frustrating sleep starts have another cool medical name, hypnagogic myoclonus.
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When we drift off, the areas of our brain that control motor function are inactivated, in favor of those that control our sleep cycles.
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Which is why you can dream about riding your bike without actually moving your feet.
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As the sleepy part of your brain fights with the awake and moving parts of your brain, that battle can spontaneously tip back in favor of the motor control side,
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and then suddenly you're like, whoa, I'm awake.
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Sleep starts aren't the only myocloni that we experience.
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Makeups are an uncontrollable contraction of the diaphragm muscle that we use to draw air into our lungs.
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About a quarter second after that muscle contracts, the vocal cords snap shut, creating that characteristic… Scientists still aren't sure what causes them,
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but possible explanations include hiccups being an evolutionary remnant from a few hundred million years ago, when our ancestors still had to pump water over their gills.
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Or, since hiccups mainly happen in mammals, that they they started as a way for nursing infants to clear air from their stomachs.
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If you want to get rid of hiccups, it seems that increasing the amount of CO2 in your blood can do the job, which is why common remedies include drinking water, holding our breath, or breathing into a paper bag.
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Yawning, another long, slow, involuntary form of breathing, is common throughout the animal kingdom, and it even happens in the womb.
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We know it's associated with sleep and boredom, but that doesn't explain why it happens.
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Unlike most human behaviors, if you stop and think about yawning long enough, it starts to become a really weird thing to do.
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Hippocrates believed that yawns released noxious fumes that had built up in the body, but modern medicine has shown us that that usually happens on the other end of the body.
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We also know that about 50% of people who observe a yawn will yawn in response, so it's thought to be a social cue to synchronize our biological clocks.
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One theory says yawns might even cool the brain slightly to make us more alert as we get bored or sleepy.
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Even watching someone talk for extended periods of time can induce yawning.
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So next time you're getting bored in class, tell your teacher it's Mother Nature's fault.
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Finally, I'll leave you with one bonus behavior, post-micturition convulsion syndrome, or the pee shivers.
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This is another behavior for which scientists haven't quite shaken out all the details,
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but some believe it's simply because we're exposing sensitive areas of our body to the cold while we expel some internal warmth.
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They might also arise from a bit of conflict between our autonomous nervous system that's usually quietly keeping all that pee inside,
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and the part of our conscious mind that's in charge of the plumbing at that moment.
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These weird, wild, and often twitchy behaviors may define nice neat explanations, and yes, sometimes they are very annoying, but in the great movie that is life,
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they're a nice reminder of all the amazing things going on behind the scenes.
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Here's a reflex action, you click subscribe, and I'll see you again next week.
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Stay curious.
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When the mercury plummets, we don't actually feel the temperature.
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We feel the flow of energy.
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We feel the heat.
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Feel, feel, feel, feel my heat.
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Or really, we feel the unheat, because cold can never move into something.
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It's heat flowing out.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 B2 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “5 Weird Involuntary Behaviors Explained!”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: behavior, brain, sleep, yawn, scientists. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 55개와 단어 931개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 5:12입니다. 화자는 분당 약 179단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 80%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| yawn 동사 | /jɔn/ | 하품하다 |
| sneeze 동사 | /sniːz/ | 재채기하다 |
| hiccup 명사 | /ˈhɪkʌp/ | 딸꾹질 |
| reflex 명사 | /ˈɹiːflɛks/ | 반사 |
| sleepy 형용사 | /ˈsliːpi/ | 졸리다 |
| awake 동사 | /əˈweɪk/ | 일어나다 |
| nerve 명사 | /nɝv/ | 신경 |
| abbreviate 동사 | /əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/ | 생략(省略)하다, 약(略)하다 |
| ancestor 명사 | /ˈæn.sɛs.tɚ/ | 조상, 선조 |
| autopilot 명사 | /ˈɔtoʊˌpaɪlət/ | 오토파일럿 |
| boredom 명사 | /ˈbɔɹ.dəm/ | 갑갑증, 지루함 |
| contraction 명사 | /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/ | 단축 |
| diaphragm 명사 | /ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/ | 횡격막, 가로막 |
| dreamland 명사 | 꿈나라 | |
| mammal 명사 | /ˈmæməl/ | 포유류 |
영상에 나오는 구동사
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| fall down 동사 | /fɔl ˈdaʊn/ | 떨어지다 |
| wake up 동사 | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | 눈뜨다, 일어나다 |
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 현재완료진행 have/has been + -ing — 전에 시작해 지금도 계속되는 동작 | you've probably been looking · have been asking |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | has looked · hasn't been pinpointed · has shown |
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | is experienced · been pinpointed · are inactivated |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | autopilot, which is · job, which is · people who observe |
주의할 발음
화자는 you're, aren't, I'll 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 16번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/, contraction /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/, convulsion /kənˈvʌlʃən/, noxious /ˈnɑkʃəs/, shiver /ˈʃɪvɚ/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: involuntary /ɪnˈvɑ.lənˌtɛɹ.i/, abbreviate /əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/, autopilot /ˈɔtoʊˌpaɪlət/, heritable /ˈhɛɹɪtəbəl/, hypnagogic /ˌhɪpnəˈɡɑd͡ʒɪk/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: reflex /ˈɹiːflɛks/, diaphragm /ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/, frustrate /ˈfɹʌsˌtɹeɪt/, caffeine /ˈkæfiːn/, drift /dɹɪft/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: involuntary /ɪnˈvɑ.lənˌtɛɹ.i/, nerve /nɝv/, abbreviate /əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/, convulsion /kənˈvʌlʃən/, digestive /daɪˈdʒɛstɪv/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: sneeze /sniːz/, synchronize /ˈsɪŋ.kɹə.naɪːz/, arise /əˈɹaɪz/, expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, observe /əbˈzɜːv/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, yawn, sneeze, hiccup 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.