تدريب Shadowing: 5 Weird Involuntary Behaviors Explained! - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
1
We like to think we walk through our lives completely conscious,
2
free to choose whatever we like, totally, completely in control.
3
Not even close.
4
Our bodies leave a lot to autopilot, which is a good thing, because imagine having to regulate your heartbeat and your breathing and your digestive system and your body temperature,
5
while not peeing your pants and falling down.
6
That would be hard.
7
Many of those involuntary actions are mysterious, annoying, and just plain weird.
8
Here are five of the human body's strangest out-of-control behaviors.
9
Start typing why does my into Google, and the top result is an eye-opener.
10
Involuntary twitching of the muscles around the eye has a number of causes, including dry eyes, caffeine, bright lights, and just like during a tough workout, from simple fatigue.
11
It's usually totally harmless and eventually goes away on its own, and it's a good hint that you've probably been looking at that screen enough for one day.
12
Looking at bright light can cause more than an eye twitch.
13
In Aristotle's book of problems, he asks, why is it that one sneezes more after one has looked at the sun?
14
Proving that people have been asking a lot of the same questions for a long time, and no one told Aristotle that you're not supposed to stare at the sun.
15
Like, ever.
16
The so-called photic sneeze reflex, aka the autosomal cholinergic heliophthalmic outburst,
17
abbreviated achoo, yes, seriously, is experienced by about one in four people, leading scientists to believe that it is genetically heritable.
18
While the exact cause hasn't been pinpointed, Many scientists think that it's due to crosstalk between the optic nerve
19
and the nerve that feeds the tickling sensation in your nose.
20
The visual cortex of sun-sneezing people is also prone to overstimulation, which might send the sneeze-sensing parts of their brain haywire.
21
Have you ever been just about to go to sleep, walking through the gates to dreamland, only to have the floor pulled out from under you and suddenly you're falling and then you wake up?
22
These frustrating sleep starts have another cool medical name, hypnagogic myoclonus.
23
When we drift off, the areas of our brain that control motor function are inactivated, in favor of those that control our sleep cycles.
24
Which is why you can dream about riding your bike without actually moving your feet.
25
As the sleepy part of your brain fights with the awake and moving parts of your brain, that battle can spontaneously tip back in favor of the motor control side,
26
and then suddenly you're like, whoa, I'm awake.
27
Sleep starts aren't the only myocloni that we experience.
28
Makeups are an uncontrollable contraction of the diaphragm muscle that we use to draw air into our lungs.
29
About a quarter second after that muscle contracts, the vocal cords snap shut, creating that characteristic… Scientists still aren't sure what causes them,
30
but possible explanations include hiccups being an evolutionary remnant from a few hundred million years ago, when our ancestors still had to pump water over their gills.
31
Or, since hiccups mainly happen in mammals, that they they started as a way for nursing infants to clear air from their stomachs.
32
If you want to get rid of hiccups, it seems that increasing the amount of CO2 in your blood can do the job, which is why common remedies include drinking water, holding our breath, or breathing into a paper bag.
33
Yawning, another long, slow, involuntary form of breathing, is common throughout the animal kingdom, and it even happens in the womb.
34
We know it's associated with sleep and boredom, but that doesn't explain why it happens.
35
Unlike most human behaviors, if you stop and think about yawning long enough, it starts to become a really weird thing to do.
36
Hippocrates believed that yawns released noxious fumes that had built up in the body, but modern medicine has shown us that that usually happens on the other end of the body.
37
We also know that about 50% of people who observe a yawn will yawn in response, so it's thought to be a social cue to synchronize our biological clocks.
38
One theory says yawns might even cool the brain slightly to make us more alert as we get bored or sleepy.
39
Even watching someone talk for extended periods of time can induce yawning.
40
So next time you're getting bored in class, tell your teacher it's Mother Nature's fault.
41
Finally, I'll leave you with one bonus behavior, post-micturition convulsion syndrome, or the pee shivers.
42
This is another behavior for which scientists haven't quite shaken out all the details,
43
but some believe it's simply because we're exposing sensitive areas of our body to the cold while we expel some internal warmth.
44
They might also arise from a bit of conflict between our autonomous nervous system that's usually quietly keeping all that pee inside,
45
and the part of our conscious mind that's in charge of the plumbing at that moment.
46
These weird, wild, and often twitchy behaviors may define nice neat explanations, and yes, sometimes they are very annoying, but in the great movie that is life,
47
they're a nice reminder of all the amazing things going on behind the scenes.
48
Here's a reflex action, you click subscribe, and I'll see you again next week.
49
Stay curious.
50
When the mercury plummets, we don't actually feel the temperature.
51
We feel the flow of energy.
52
We feel the heat.
53
Feel, feel, feel, feel my heat.
54
Or really, we feel the unheat, because cold can never move into something.
55
It's heat flowing out.
📺 نفس القناة
B23
Why don't you remember being a baby?
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B23
Mars Used to Be Blue... Then Something Happened
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B27
How Habits Can Change Your Life (and Your Brain)
American AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Scientists Finally Figured Out What Love Is For
American AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
Why Is Blue So Rare In Nature?
American AccentDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
The Unbelievable Science of How We Read
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
The Strange Science of Why We Dream
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2Evolution FAILS in the Human Body
American AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1How Feathered Dinosaurs Accidentally Invented Flight (We Tested It!)
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
✨ فيديو موصى به
B21
25 جمل
Why Are Things Creepy?
American AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
89 جمل
33K
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2585
13 جمل
The Distracted Mind
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
438 جمل
Psychiatrist Explains Why You Feel Tired All The Time (No Matter What You Do...)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
318 جمل
10 Tiny Micro Habits to Start Regulating Your Nervous System
American AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
99 جمل
Why You Always Forget English Words (Science Explains)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B290 جمل
11 Reasons Why You Don’t Like Being Around People
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
9 جمل
How to fall asleep
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
27 جمل
Why Do We Sneeze?
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B23
27 جمل
Fight or flight in our modern life: what are your thoughts?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
245 جمل
Pointless Ancient Instincts YOU Still Fight Daily
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
113 جمل
The Psychology of People Who Cry Easily (It’s Not Weakness)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة بمستوى B2 مبني على الفيديو “5 Weird Involuntary Behaviors Explained!”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: behavior, brain, sleep, yawn, scientists. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 55 جملة و931 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 5:12. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة طبيعية، نحو 179 كلمة في الدقيقة، قريبة من المحادثة اليومية. 80% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
أصعب 15 كلمة في الفيديو، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| yawn فعل | /jɔn/ | تَثَاءَبَ |
| sneeze فعل | /sniːz/ | عَطَسَ |
| hiccup اسم | /ˈhɪkʌp/ | حَازُوقَة, فُوَاق |
| annoy فعل | /əˈnoɪ̯/ | أَزْعَجَ |
| reflex اسم | /ˈɹiːflɛks/ | مُنْعَكَس |
| sleepy صفة | /ˈsliːpi/ | نَعْسَان, نَاعِس |
| twitch اسم | /twɪt͡ʃ/ | زِيَار |
| bore فعل | /boɹ/ | أَمَلَّ |
| awake فعل | /əˈweɪk/ | صَحَى, اِسْتَيَقَظَ |
| nerve اسم | /nɝv/ | عَصَب |
| abbreviate فعل | /əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/ | إِخْتَصَرَ |
| ancestor اسم | /ˈæn.sɛs.tɚ/ | سَلَف |
| boredom اسم | /ˈbɔɹ.dəm/ | مَلَل, ضَجَر |
| convulsion اسم | /kənˈvʌlʃən/ | اِخْتِلَاج |
| diaphragm اسم | /ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/ | حِجَاب حَاجِز |
الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| wake up فعل | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | صَحَا, اِسْتَيْقَظَ |
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المضارع التام المستمر have/has been + -ing — حدث بدأ سابقًا وما زال مستمرًا | you've probably been looking · have been asking |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | has looked · hasn't been pinpointed · has shown |
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | is experienced · been pinpointed · are inactivated |
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | autopilot, which is · job, which is · people who observe |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 16 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل you're, aren't, I'll. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/, contraction /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/, convulsion /kənˈvʌlʃən/, noxious /ˈnɑkʃəs/, shiver /ˈʃɪvɚ/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: involuntary /ɪnˈvɑ.lənˌtɛɹ.i/, abbreviate /əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/, autopilot /ˈɔtoʊˌpaɪlət/, heritable /ˈhɛɹɪtəbəl/, hypnagogic /ˌhɪpnəˈɡɑd͡ʒɪk/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: hiccup /ˈhɪkʌp/, sleepy /ˈsliːpi/, autopilot /ˈɔtoʊˌpaɪlət/, hypnagogic /ˌhɪpnəˈɡɑd͡ʒɪk/, pinpoint /ˈpɪnpɔɪnt/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: involuntary /ɪnˈvɑ.lənˌtɛɹ.i/, nerve /nɝv/, abbreviate /əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/, convulsion /kənˈvʌlʃən/, digestive /daɪˈdʒɛstɪv/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: sneeze /sniːz/, reflex /ˈɹiːflɛks/, sleepy /ˈsliːpi/, twitch /twɪt͡ʃ/, contraction /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل yawn, sneeze, hiccup.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.