Pratique du Shadowing: 5 Weird Involuntary Behaviors Explained! - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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We like to think we walk through our lives completely conscious,
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free to choose whatever we like, totally, completely in control.
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Not even close.
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Our bodies leave a lot to autopilot, which is a good thing, because imagine having to regulate your heartbeat and your breathing and your digestive system and your body temperature,
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while not peeing your pants and falling down.
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That would be hard.
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Many of those involuntary actions are mysterious, annoying, and just plain weird.
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Here are five of the human body's strangest out-of-control behaviors.
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Start typing why does my into Google, and the top result is an eye-opener.
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Involuntary twitching of the muscles around the eye has a number of causes, including dry eyes, caffeine, bright lights, and just like during a tough workout, from simple fatigue.
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It's usually totally harmless and eventually goes away on its own, and it's a good hint that you've probably been looking at that screen enough for one day.
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Looking at bright light can cause more than an eye twitch.
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In Aristotle's book of problems, he asks, why is it that one sneezes more after one has looked at the sun?
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Proving that people have been asking a lot of the same questions for a long time, and no one told Aristotle that you're not supposed to stare at the sun.
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Like, ever.
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The so-called photic sneeze reflex, aka the autosomal cholinergic heliophthalmic outburst,
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abbreviated achoo, yes, seriously, is experienced by about one in four people, leading scientists to believe that it is genetically heritable.
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While the exact cause hasn't been pinpointed, Many scientists think that it's due to crosstalk between the optic nerve
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and the nerve that feeds the tickling sensation in your nose.
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The visual cortex of sun-sneezing people is also prone to overstimulation, which might send the sneeze-sensing parts of their brain haywire.
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Have you ever been just about to go to sleep, walking through the gates to dreamland, only to have the floor pulled out from under you and suddenly you're falling and then you wake up?
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These frustrating sleep starts have another cool medical name, hypnagogic myoclonus.
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When we drift off, the areas of our brain that control motor function are inactivated, in favor of those that control our sleep cycles.
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Which is why you can dream about riding your bike without actually moving your feet.
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As the sleepy part of your brain fights with the awake and moving parts of your brain, that battle can spontaneously tip back in favor of the motor control side,
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and then suddenly you're like, whoa, I'm awake.
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Sleep starts aren't the only myocloni that we experience.
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Makeups are an uncontrollable contraction of the diaphragm muscle that we use to draw air into our lungs.
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About a quarter second after that muscle contracts, the vocal cords snap shut, creating that characteristic… Scientists still aren't sure what causes them,
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but possible explanations include hiccups being an evolutionary remnant from a few hundred million years ago, when our ancestors still had to pump water over their gills.
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Or, since hiccups mainly happen in mammals, that they they started as a way for nursing infants to clear air from their stomachs.
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If you want to get rid of hiccups, it seems that increasing the amount of CO2 in your blood can do the job, which is why common remedies include drinking water, holding our breath, or breathing into a paper bag.
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Yawning, another long, slow, involuntary form of breathing, is common throughout the animal kingdom, and it even happens in the womb.
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We know it's associated with sleep and boredom, but that doesn't explain why it happens.
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Unlike most human behaviors, if you stop and think about yawning long enough, it starts to become a really weird thing to do.
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Hippocrates believed that yawns released noxious fumes that had built up in the body, but modern medicine has shown us that that usually happens on the other end of the body.
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We also know that about 50% of people who observe a yawn will yawn in response, so it's thought to be a social cue to synchronize our biological clocks.
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One theory says yawns might even cool the brain slightly to make us more alert as we get bored or sleepy.
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Even watching someone talk for extended periods of time can induce yawning.
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So next time you're getting bored in class, tell your teacher it's Mother Nature's fault.
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Finally, I'll leave you with one bonus behavior, post-micturition convulsion syndrome, or the pee shivers.
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This is another behavior for which scientists haven't quite shaken out all the details,
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but some believe it's simply because we're exposing sensitive areas of our body to the cold while we expel some internal warmth.
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They might also arise from a bit of conflict between our autonomous nervous system that's usually quietly keeping all that pee inside,
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and the part of our conscious mind that's in charge of the plumbing at that moment.
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These weird, wild, and often twitchy behaviors may define nice neat explanations, and yes, sometimes they are very annoying, but in the great movie that is life,
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they're a nice reminder of all the amazing things going on behind the scenes.
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Here's a reflex action, you click subscribe, and I'll see you again next week.
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Stay curious.
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When the mercury plummets, we don't actually feel the temperature.
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We feel the flow of energy.
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We feel the heat.
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Feel, feel, feel, feel my heat.
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Or really, we feel the unheat, because cold can never move into something.
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It's heat flowing out.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « 5 Weird Involuntary Behaviors Explained! ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : behavior, brain, sleep, yawn, scientists. Cette vidéo contient 55 phrases et 931 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:12. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 179 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 80 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| yawn verbe | /jɔn/ | bâiller |
| sneeze verbe | /sniːz/ | éternuer |
| hiccup nom | /ˈhɪkʌp/ | hoquet |
| involuntary adjectif | /ɪnˈvɑ.lənˌtɛɹ.i/ | involontaire |
| annoy verbe | /əˈnoɪ̯/ | gêner, ennuyer |
| reflex nom | /ˈɹiːflɛks/ | réflexe |
| sleepy adjectif | /ˈsliːpi/ | somnolent, ensommeillé |
| twitch nom | /twɪt͡ʃ/ | tic |
| bore verbe | /boɹ/ | ennuyer, barber |
| awake verbe | /əˈweɪk/ | se réveiller |
| conscious adjectif | /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/ | conscient |
| nerve nom | /nɝv/ | nerf |
| abbreviate verbe | /əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/ | abréger |
| ancestor nom | /ˈæn.sɛs.tɚ/ | ancêtre |
| autopilot nom | /ˈɔtoʊˌpaɪlət/ | pilote automatique |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| fall down verbe | /fɔl ˈdaʊn/ | tomber |
| wake up verbe | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | se réveiller |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continu have/has been + -ing — une action commencée avant et toujours en cours | you've probably been looking · have been asking |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has looked · hasn't been pinpointed · has shown |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is experienced · been pinpointed · are inactivated |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | autopilot, which is · job, which is · people who observe |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 16 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, aren't, I'll. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/, contraction /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/, convulsion /kənˈvʌlʃən/, noxious /ˈnɑkʃəs/, shiver /ˈʃɪvɚ/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: involuntary /ɪnˈvɑ.lənˌtɛɹ.i/, abbreviate /əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/, autopilot /ˈɔtoʊˌpaɪlət/, heritable /ˈhɛɹɪtəbəl/, hypnagogic /ˌhɪpnəˈɡɑd͡ʒɪk/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hiccup /ˈhɪkʌp/, haywire /ˈheɪ.waɪɚ/, heritable /ˈhɛɹɪtəbəl/, hypnagogic /ˌhɪpnəˈɡɑd͡ʒɪk/, heartbeat /ˈhɑɹtˌbit/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: twitch /twɪt͡ʃ/, digestive /daɪˈdʒɛstɪv/, hypnagogic /ˌhɪpnəˈɡɑd͡ʒɪk/, twitchy /ˈtwɪt͡ʃi/, genetically /d͡ʒəˈneɾɪkli/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: involuntary /ɪnˈvɑ.lənˌtɛɹ.i/, reflex /ˈɹiːflɛks/, bore /boɹ/, abbreviate /əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/, boredom /ˈbɔɹ.dəm/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme yawn, sneeze, hiccup.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.