쉐도잉 연습: All About Jellyfish - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Today it's time to learn all about jellyfish.

Despite their name, it's important to know that jellyfish are not fish at all.

In fact, to avoid confusion, they are sometimes called sea jellies, or even just jellies.

Characteristics of Jellyfish Jellyfish are invertebrates, which means they don't have bones.

They also have no brain, no heart or other organs like lungs or gills.

Jellyfish obtain the oxygen they need through a process called diffusion, whereby they absorb oxygen directly through their thin body walls from the surrounding water,

allowing them to survive without specialised respiratory organs.

Made up mostly of water, jellyfish are characterised by their gelatinous, umbrella -shaped bells and trailing tentacles.

Jellyfish are free swimming, which means they don't really have a permanent home.

They often drift with ocean currents, travelling through large stretches of the ocean, seas and bays.

Jellyfish play an important role in the ocean.

They function both as predators and prey.

They feed on small fish, plankton and even other jellyfish, using their tentacles to ensnare and immobilise their prey with toxins.

At the same time, they are an essential food source for various larger species, such as turtles and certain fishes.

The main part of a jellyfish is the bell, which looks like an umbrella.

This bell moves by pulsating, pushing water from underneath to help the jellyfish swim or float.

The surface of the bell can be smooth or have frilly edges depending on the type of jellyfish,

and it holds their basic digestive and nervous systems.

Hanging from the bell are the jellyfish's tentacles, which they use to defend themselves and catch food.

These tentacles have thousands of tiny stinging cells called nematocysts.

Each cell has a small dart that can shoot out and deliver venom, which paralyzes or kills small sea creatures.

Jellyfish can stretch out or pull in their tentacles when they need to.

Below the bell are the aural arms, which are thicker and look a bit like the tentacles, but have a different job.

They help move the food caught by the tentacles to the jellyfish's mouth.

Types of Jellyfish Jellyfish are found in every ocean in the world

and they come in a variety of shapes sizes and colors.

Moon jellyfish are one of the most common and recognizable jellyfish species.

The moon jellyfish is known for its translucent saucer -shaped bell which can be up to 40 centimeters in diameter.

These jellyfish typically inhabit temperate and tropical oceans around the world and are often seen in large numbers.

Their The diet mainly consists of plankton and small fish.

The lion's mane jellyfish holds the title for the largest jellyfish.

The lion's mane can have a bell diameter of over 2 metres and tentacles that extend up to 30 metres or more.

It is found in the cold waters of the Arctic, Northern Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans.

The tentacles are grouped in eight clusters, each cluster containing up to 150 tentacles, lined with nematocysts to capture prey.

Known for being one of the most venomous marine creatures,

the box jellyfish has a cube -shaped bell and can grow up to 20 centimetres along each side.

Its tentacles, which can reach up to three metres in length, are covered with potent venom that can be fatal to humans.

Box jellyfish are primarily found in the waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, particularly around northern Australia and throughout Southeast Asia.

Cannonball jellyfish are named for their round, cannonball -like shape.

This jellyfish is common in the coastal waters of the southeastern

United States and into the Caribbean.

The bell of the cannonball jellyfish can reach up to 25 centimetres in diameter, and while its sting is not generally harmful to humans,

it can stun small fish.

These are just a few examples of the diverse array of jellyfish species found in oceans around the world.

Jellyfish Life Cycle One super interesting thing about jellyfish is their life cycles, which include several unique stages.

The jellyfish life cycle starts when a female jellyfish releases eggs into the water, which are fertilised by sperm from a male jellyfish.

These fertilised eggs turn into tiny, free -swimming larvae called planuli.

The planuli drift with the ocean currents until they find a good place to settle, like the sea floor or a rock.

They then attach themselves and become polyps, which look like tiny sea anemones.

Polyps can stay in this form for a long time, catching and eating small organisms.

After a while, polyps start to make new jellyfish by forming tiny stacks called aphirae.

These aphirae eventually break off and become young jellyfish.

They grow into adult jellyfish which release eggs and sperm into the water starting the cycle again.

Jellyfish and people.

Interactions between jellyfish and people cover a wide range of experiences from harmful to beneficial.

Jellyfish stings are a common concern as their venomous tentacles can cause pain, allergic reactions and, in rare cases, severe health issues.

Jellyfish are also a source of food for people in several cultures, particularly in Asia, where they are harvested,

processed and enjoyed for their unique texture and purported health benefits.

Moreover, jellyfish play a significant role in scientific research.

Their simple nervous systems and bioluminescent properties have provided valuable insights into cellular processes and neurological functions,

contributing to advancements in medical and biological sciences.

Thus, the relationship between jellyfish and humans is a complex interplay of danger, nutrition and scientific discovery.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “All About Jellyfish”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: jellyfish, tentacles, bell, ocean, sea. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 62개와 단어 907개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 7:36입니다. 화자는 분당 약 119단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 72%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
egg 명사	/ɛɡ/	달걀
swim 동사	/swɪm/	수영하다, 헤엄치다
diameter 명사	/daɪˈæmɪdɚ/	지름, 직경
prey 명사	/pɹeɪ/	먹이, 포획물
sting 동사	/ˈstɪŋ/	물다, 찌르다
metre 명사	/ˈmiːtəɹ/	미터, 메터
stretch 동사	/stɹɛt͡ʃ/	당기다, 늘이다
oxygen 명사	/ˈɑksɪd͡ʒən/	산소
organ 명사	/ˈɔːɡən/	기관
harmful 형용사	/ˈhɑɹmfl̩/	해로운, 유해한
umbrella 명사	/ʌmˈbɹɛl.ə/	우산
jelly 명사	/ˈd͡ʒɛli/	젤리, 단묵
venom 명사	/ˈvɛnəm/	독, 독액
bone 명사	/boʊn/	뼈
defend 동사	/dɪˈfɪnd/	방어하다

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	are sometimes called · are characterised · are found
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	invertebrates, which means · swimming, which means · arms, which are

주의할 발음

“th” 소리: thin /ˈθɪn/, thick /θɪk/, smooth /smuːð/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/, nutrition /njuːˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: diameter /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/, drift /dɹɪft/, defend /dɪˈfɪnd/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/, fatal /ˈfeɪ.təl/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: venom /ˈvɛnəm/, discovery /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/, diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/, moreover /mɔːˈɹəʊ.və/, harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, paralyze /ˈpæɹəˌlaɪz/, translucent /tɹænzˈlu.sənt/

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쉐도잉 연습: All About Jellyfish - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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