쉐도잉 연습: Two Different Things Are Killing Sharks - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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People tend to think of sharks as fearsome, powerful, untouchable predators.

They're definitely scary and powerful, but… untouchable?

Maybe not as much as you might imagine.

Even the white shark, often considered the largest predatory fish on the planet, is not immune to the unforgiving nature of, well, nature.

These iconic predators of the sea face all kinds of threats.

And in two different places, for two apparently different reasons, great whites are dying in large numbers.

And scientists aren't totally sure why.

First, let's introduce the Great White Shark, also known as the White Pointer, or just simply the White Shark.

They were named for their white undersides, despite the fact that most of the shark is actually gray.

White sharks are common in popular media.

And why wouldn't they be?

They grow to around 4 .5 meters long and roughly 1 ,800 kilograms.

And who doesn't love a massive predator?

They also make pretty compelling subjects for lots of scientific research, and they can be easier to study than other sharks.

See, studying migratory species is extremely hard.

They spend time far offshore and in deep waters that are really hard to reach.

But even though white sharks are also migratory, their patterns can be pretty predictable,

and they tend to spend a lot of their time close to beaches and in shallower waters when they're not crossing oceans.

Bad news if you're a seal.

But if you're a researcher, this makes your job way easier.

And the truth is, sharks, including the white shark, are critical to the health of our ocean ecosystems.

They help regulate the population sizes and behaviors of animals at lower trophic levels, such as sea lions and otters.

So if we want a healthy ocean, and therefore a healthy planet, we want healthy sharks.

Which is where our problem lies.

Let's start with South Africa.

White sharks are ubiquitous in South African waters, aggregating in several regions around the coast.

Or, at least, they used to be.

Over the past decade, people have seen fewer white sharks swimming in those waters, and more of them washing up on beaches.

Beached shark carcasses were often found with missing livers and perfect slashes on them, so precise and clean they almost seemed surgical.

Which probably raised more questions than it answered.

And some people were worried that swordfish had evolved into scalpel fish.

But the discovery of tooth marks on the bodies led scientists to a more feasible hypothesis — orcas.

Although we often describe white sharks as if they're the top of the food chain, that's not always the case.

Orcas are known to hunt white sharks, and they're not interested in a filet -o -shark.

They really just want the shark's liver.

Shark livers are massive, making up approximately a third of their body weight.

They're filled with lipids, and since sharks don't have gas -filled swim bladders like their bony fish cousins,

this fatty liver is what they rely on for buoyancy regulation.

Because of how fatty and nutrient -dense shark livers are, it's the perfect meal for a fast -paced, warm -blooded predator like the killer whale.

Orcas have been known to hunt white sharks in other regions, like California.

And when an orca pod rolls through, the sharks start to roll out, avoiding their predators like any sensible prey would.

However, while the new snacking habits of South African orcas sounds like a tidy answer,

it may not be the only reason the number of white sharks has dipped in the last few years.

In addition to orca gains, South African white sharks are also dealing with fishing pressure and shark deterrent efforts on local beaches.

While experts really aren't sure which factor tipped the shark scales, it all adds up to a pretty hostile environment.

Experts hope that addressing as many of these concerns as possible may bring back the iconic

South African sharks.

Not sure how they'll convince the orcas to lay off the liver, but we'll see what happens.

Our next group of endangered white sharks is found off the coast of North America.

And what's disrupting the sharks in Canada and the US is even more confusing

and less visible than it is in South Africa.

Allow me to explain.

In 2023, a dead white shark washed ashore on Prince Edward Island in Canada.

It didn't look injured and seemed otherwise pretty healthy.

But when researchers did a necropsy, which is just an animal autopsy, they found that the shark had inflammation of the brain and surrounding tissues,

otherwise known as meningoencephalitis.

Meanwhile, more seemingly healthy sharks were washing up dead, blood, many with brain swelling.

One shark was seen displaying some odd behavior, like swimming erratically and bumping into things before dying and washing onto a beach.

Surely this was another case of brain inflammation, right?

Shockingly, no. Just when we think we've figured out a pattern, good ol' Mother Nature throws a curveball.

And it's not just the Great Whites.

Dead sharks with swollen brains seemed to be on the rise in several species, like sandbar sharks and thresher sharks.

Even stranger, this is happening in the Atlantic and the Pacific, meaning whatever the problem is, it's really widespread.

So, some mysterious thing is causing sharks' brains to swell up and die, and we still don't know exactly what.

But, as it turns out, the answer may be hidden in a bunch of decades -old frozen salmon sharks.

In the early 2000s, 18 beached salmon sharks were found to have died of meningoencephalitis.

And in 2012, researchers analyzed some of them and found that a type of bacterium called

Carnobacterium malta rheumaticum was the likeliest culprit.

Which was weird, because this bacterium has been found in other fish species and in the water they swim in.

And those guys all have perfectly unswollen brains.

But for some unknown reason, this bacterium may be becoming pathogenic in some fish, including sharks.

And we have an idea of how it could be reaching their brains.

Through the endolymphatic system, which aids in hearing, balance, and orientation.

Sharks have small pores on their heads that lead to their endolymphatic ducts, which provide access to the cranium.

And we know that when these structures get invaded by pathogens in the water,

it can cause disease and even death in several shark and ray species.

So what do we know?

We know that, for a decade, sharks have been washing up on beaches.

We know that their deaths are often caused or accompanied by meningoencephalitis.

And we know that this disease is sometimes attributed to a particular bacterium.

What we don't know is probably the biggest piece of this medically mysterious marine puzzle,

which is why this is happening and how concerned we all should be about it.

Scientists are worried for some reasons and not so worried for others.

Seeing sharks wash up on shore doesn't seem like it could be positive in any way,

but it could be a sign that shark populations are recovering.

A bigger population of sharks that are living also means there's a bigger population of sharks that are dying, hence an increase in washed up carcasses.

And if this thing is contagious, more sharks also means more of a chance for diseases to be passed around,

simply because the population is bigger and might be more densely packed into an area.

So while we don't love a disease, if it means that shark populations are rebounding, it's not all bad.

The concern comes in though

when we start to think about a bacteria that's been living on other fish species without a problem, suddenly becoming a deadly pathogen in sharks.

If this truly is what is happening, we need to understand why.

Is it climate change?

Pollution?

Or a secret third option?

Knowing what causes the bacterium to go rogue can help us figure out how to stop it from spreading

and prevent it from happening with other bacteria in the future.

These two shark -killing mysteries have two different causes, and therefore two different solutions, at least.

But that also means they're teaching us two different lessons about our planet, our oceans, and all the big and not so big creatures in them,

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from the sharks and the orcas down to tiny bacteria.

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And maybe the biggest one is that the driving force behind ecosystem shifts is never really black and white.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Two Different Things Are Killing Sharks”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: shark, orca, brain, liver, fish. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 101개와 단어 1404개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 7:32입니다. 화자는 분당 약 186단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 77%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
wash 동사	/wɑʃ/	씻다
predator 명사	/ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/	천적
swim 동사	/swɪm/	수영하다, 헤엄치다
scientist 명사	/ˈsaɪəntəst/	과학자
liver 명사	/ˈlɪvɚ/	간장, 간
researcher 명사	/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/	연구원, 연구자
swell 동사	/swɛl/	부풀다, 붓다
mysterious 형용사	/mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/	신비(神秘)하다
ecosystem 명사	/ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/	생태계
inflammation 명사	/ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/	염증
meal 명사	/ˈmiːl/	끼니, 밥
killer 명사	/ˈkɪlɚ/	살인자
lesson 명사	/ˈlɛs.ən/	수업, 과
discovery 명사	/dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/	발견
gray 형용사	/ɡɹeɪ/	회색(灰色)의, 잿빛의

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
현재완료진행 have/has been + -ing — 전에 시작해 지금도 계속되는 동작	have been washing · that's been living
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	were named · were often found · are known
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	have seen · have been known · has dipped

주의할 발음

화자는 they're, don't, aren't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 21번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: tooth /tuθ/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, pathogen /ˈpæθəd͡ʒn̩/, pathogenic /pæθəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/, thresher /ˈθɹɛʃə(ɹ)/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: wash /wɑʃ/, inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, shore /ʃɔɹ/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: mysterious /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, orientation /ˌɔː.ɹi.ənˈteɪ.ʃən/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/, roughly /ˈɹʌf.li/, fewer /ˈfjuː.ɚ/, freeze /ˈfɹiːz/, offshore /ɒfˈʃɔː(ɹ)/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: liver /ˈlɪvɚ/, discovery /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, recover /ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/, convince /kənˈvɪns/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: cousin /ˈkʌz(ə)n/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, freeze /ˈfɹiːz/, puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/, analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, wash, predator, swim 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: Two Different Things Are Killing Sharks - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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