쉐도잉 연습: Why Do We Sneeze? - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
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Everyone, everywhere occasionally sneezes.
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It’s something humans—and even some animals like cats, and dogs, and chickens —just do.
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But why? Why do we sneeze?
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If your answer is that it’s our nose’s way of getting rid of irritants and excess mucus, you’re right -- but only partly.
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See, scientists have long thought that sneezing -- technically known as sternutation -- is a reflex.
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When irritants—like dust, dander, germs, or pollen —get into your nose, your brain sends out a signal to get rid of it.
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That same signal goes out if an excessive amount of mucus is hanging out in there too -- say, if you have a cold.
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This signal triggers a deep breath, which you hold in your lungs for a moment.
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While you’re holding your breath, your chest muscles clench and pressure builds.
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Your tongue is forced to the roof of your mouth ... and you breathe out -- fast -- through your nose in the form of a sneeze.
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That’s the old, short, and still correct answer to the question “Why do we sneeze?” But according to a paper published in 2012 in the journal FASEB, there’s a little more to it than that.
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And it all has to do with cilia, the tiny, hairlike paddles that line our noses and sinuses.
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In the study, a group of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania basically grew a tiny nose.
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They took cells from the nostrils of several healthy adults and grew them in an incubator for a few weeks, until the cells formed the same type of lining that's in your sinus, complete with cilia.
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Then, to mimic a sneeze, the scientists puffed air on the lining.
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They noticed that the burst of air triggered the cilia—which look sort of like shaggy dog hair under a microscope—to kick into high gear, moving back and forth repeatedly for up to several minutes after the trick sneeze.
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So, why were they so active for so long?
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Any potential irritants would have been cleared out already.
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Well, the triggered cilia were acting as a broom, basically resetting the entire nasal environment, not just the parts where there’d been irritating gunk.
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Just like computers do, biologists think that our nose needs a reboot every once in a while… and its kinda-furry restart button is made of all those cilia.
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But it turns out that not everybody’s sneezes actually reboot their nose.
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In addition to looking at healthy folks’ cells, this same group of scientists took a peek at the cells of people suffering from sinusitis, which causes inflamed sinuses and general nasal discomfort—runny nose, nasal congestion, all that fun stuff.
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They discovered that when they puffed air onto the tissue of the sinusitis sufferers, the cilia didn’t beat faster.
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Meaning that chronic sinusitis might have to do with cilia that can’t properly reset post-sneeze -- and that knowledge might help researchers developing treatments for it.
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Thanks for asking, and thanks especially to all of our patrons on Patreon who keep these answers coming.
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If you’d like to submit questions to be answered, or get these Quick Questions a few days before everyone else, go to patreon.com/scishow.
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이 레슨에 대해
"Why Do We Sneeze?"으로 쉐도잉 기법을 사용해 영어를 연습합니다.
매일 15~30분 꾸준히 연습하면 IELTS 스피킹에 대한 자신감이 길러집니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.