Pratique du Shadowing: Why Do We Sneeze? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
1
Everyone, everywhere occasionally sneezes.
2
It’s something humans—and even some animals like cats, and dogs, and chickens —just do.
3
But why? Why do we sneeze?
4
If your answer is that it’s our nose’s way of getting rid of irritants and excess mucus, you’re right -- but only partly.
5
See, scientists have long thought that sneezing -- technically known as sternutation -- is a reflex.
6
When irritants—like dust, dander, germs, or pollen —get into your nose, your brain sends out a signal to get rid of it.
7
That same signal goes out if an excessive amount of mucus is hanging out in there too -- say, if you have a cold.
8
This signal triggers a deep breath, which you hold in your lungs for a moment.
9
While you’re holding your breath, your chest muscles clench and pressure builds.
10
Your tongue is forced to the roof of your mouth ... and you breathe out -- fast -- through your nose in the form of a sneeze.
11
That’s the old, short, and still correct answer to the question “Why do we sneeze?” But according to a paper published in 2012 in the journal FASEB, there’s a little more to it than that.
12
And it all has to do with cilia, the tiny, hairlike paddles that line our noses and sinuses.
13
In the study, a group of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania basically grew a tiny nose.
14
They took cells from the nostrils of several healthy adults and grew them in an incubator for a few weeks, until the cells formed the same type of lining that's in your sinus, complete with cilia.
15
Then, to mimic a sneeze, the scientists puffed air on the lining.
16
They noticed that the burst of air triggered the cilia—which look sort of like shaggy dog hair under a microscope—to kick into high gear, moving back and forth repeatedly for up to several minutes after the trick sneeze.
17
So, why were they so active for so long?
18
Any potential irritants would have been cleared out already.
19
Well, the triggered cilia were acting as a broom, basically resetting the entire nasal environment, not just the parts where there’d been irritating gunk.
20
Just like computers do, biologists think that our nose needs a reboot every once in a while… and its kinda-furry restart button is made of all those cilia.
21
But it turns out that not everybody’s sneezes actually reboot their nose.
22
In addition to looking at healthy folks’ cells, this same group of scientists took a peek at the cells of people suffering from sinusitis, which causes inflamed sinuses and general nasal discomfort—runny nose, nasal congestion, all that fun stuff.
23
They discovered that when they puffed air onto the tissue of the sinusitis sufferers, the cilia didn’t beat faster.
24
Meaning that chronic sinusitis might have to do with cilia that can’t properly reset post-sneeze -- and that knowledge might help researchers developing treatments for it.
25
Thanks for asking, and thanks especially to all of our patrons on Patreon who keep these answers coming.
26
If you’d like to submit questions to be answered, or get these Quick Questions a few days before everyone else, go to patreon.com/scishow.
27
And don’t forget to go to youtube.com/scishow and subscribe!
📺 Même chaîne
C11
The Science Behind The Odyssey's Greatest Challenge
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
What’s Ruining Our Ruins?
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
Do Penguins Control the Weather?
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
The Most Important Picture in the History of Science
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
Why Can’t We Have Unicorns?
American AccentKids
B2Does Aloe Really Treat a Sunburn?
American AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1What's Really Behind The Adderall Shortage?
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1Ticks Can Spread An Allergy To… Red Meat?
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1The ONE Disease That Smoking Can Help Treat
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1How Onions ACTUALLY Make You Cry (And How to Stop Them)
American AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
✨ Vidéo recommandée
C18
45 phrases
Photic sneezing: IELTS LISTENING Vol 4 Test 4 Section 4 (IELTS Listening Recent Actual Test)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1534
16 phrases
What If You Never Slept?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C132
90 phrases
How do bees make honey?
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C146
12 phrases
Why Do We Itch?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
284 phrases
Why do people smoke?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
159 phrases
Intro to History of Science: Crash Course History of Science #1
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
30 phrases
Why don't you remember being a baby?
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C16
108 phrases
Homeostasis - How Your Body Keeps its Balance - Physiology Series
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
115 phrases
The Unbelievable Science of How We Read
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
67 phrases
Why Don't Snakes Poison Themselves?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
26 phrases
How do vaccines work?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Why Do We Sneeze? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : sneeze, cilia, nose, cells, irritants. Cette vidéo contient 27 phrases et 537 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 2:29. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 216 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. Seuls 77 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| sneeze verbe | /sniːz/ | éternuer |
| cilium nom | /ˈsɪl.i.əm/ | cil |
| nasal adjectif | /ˈneɪ.zəl/ | nasal |
| sinus nom | /ˈsaɪ.nəs/ | sinus |
| sinusitis nom | sinusite | |
| mucus nom | /ˈmjuːkəs/ | mucus, mucosité |
| reboot verbe | /ˈɹiːbuːt/ | redémarrer, réinitialiser |
| puff nom | /pʌf/ | souffle |
| reset verbe | /ɹiːˈsɛt/ | remettre à zéro, réinitialiser |
| researcher nom | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | chercheur, chercheuse |
| biologist nom | /baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/ | biologiste, biologue |
| clench verbe | /klɛnt͡ʃ/ | serrer |
| dander nom | /ˈdændə(ɹ)/ | squame, pellicule |
| incubator nom | /ˈɪn.kjuːˌbeɪ.tə(ɹ)/ | incubateur |
| inflame verbe | /ɪnˈfleɪm/ | allumer |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| go out verbe | sortir |
| turn out verbe | se finir, se terminer |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 8 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, can't, didn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: biologist /baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/, incubator /ˈɪn.kjuːˌbeɪ.tə(ɹ)/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme sneeze, cilium, nasal.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.