Pratique du Shadowing: Does Aloe Really Treat a Sunburn? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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It’s advice as old as time: if you get a sunburn, start lathering on the Aloe Vera.
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And when we say ‘old as time’, we mean it.
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Humans have been using aloe vera medicinally for thousands of years.
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But does the slimy gel actually have skin-healing properties?
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Well, the research is surprisingly scarce, but it seems like it may help boost your skin’s natural healing process.
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Sunburns themselves really aren’t all that different than burns from a campfire, a curling iron, or stepping on a George Foreman grill.
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So studies looking at burn healing tend to lump them together.
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And there is some evidence that applying the mucus innards from Aloe plants helps you heal faster after a burn.
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A review from 2007 in the journal Burns found that in 127 burn victims, those who used aloe healed almost 9 days faster on average than those in control groups.
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But what aloe actually does is a little less clear.
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In general, there are three main concerns when treating burns: reducing pain, actually healing the wound, and preventing infection.
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Aloe’s antibacterial and antifungal activities are well documented, so it might simply help because it keeps pesky microbes at bay.
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But ask just about anyone who slathers on the aloe after a sunburn, and they’ll swear it’s an analgesic, meaning that it reduces pain.
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And that might be because it reduces inflammation—your body’s immune response that makes things like sunburns all red and painful.
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For example, an experiment in 1993 was able to isolate an enzyme in aloe that breaks down bradykinin, an inflammatory substance linked with pain.
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But there’s not all that much clinical research on aloe pain-killing effects, so the jury is still out on whether they’re real, or it’s just acting as a placebo.
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There’s a bit more evidence that it boosts skin healing.
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Studies in rats have shown that aloe extract helps new skin cells move into burned areas, so they can rebuild the damaged tissue.
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And the gooey gel in aloe vera contains a large amount of glucomannan, a fiber comprised mostly of the sugar mannose, which stimulates the production of fibroblastic growth factor.
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It helps stimulate the formation of collagen and new blood vessels, which speed up how quickly the skin heals.
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That said, human studies to date are kind of flimsy.
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A 2012 Cochrane review noted that the few trials that have been conducted aren’t high quality—they’re all small, and their results are potentially biased by things the patients or caregivers knowing aloe was being used.
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So, it might work, or it might just be that people think it’ll work.
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And when it comes to your over the counter sunburn gel, it might not even be the aloe itself.
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Researchers have found that it can speed up that absorption of vitamins and drugs through the skin.
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So if your aloe gel also has things like Vitamin E, or some other anti-inflammatory drug, that substance gets into your skin faster.
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But whether aloe works or not, I think we can all agree it’s just better to avoid needing it.
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So if you’re going to spend some time in the sun this summer, maybe take steps to avoid overexposure instead of relying on aloe to soothe your beet-red skin afterwards.
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Thanks to Joelle and Brianna Beecher for asking, and to all our patrons who voted for this question in our poll.
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If you want to ask us questions like this and help decide which of them we answer, or just get a bunch of awesome rewards you can’t get anywhere else, you can head on over to Patreon.com/SciShow.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette vidéo contient 30 phrases et 604 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 3:21. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 181 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. Seuls 77 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| heal verbe | /ˈhiːl/ | guérir, assainir |
| substance nom | /ˈsʌbstəns/ | substance |
| inflammatory adjectif | /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/ | inflammatoire |
| stimulate verbe | /ˈstɪm.jəˌleɪt/ | stimuler |
| afterwards adverbe | /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/ | après, ultérieurement |
| potentially adverbe | /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/ | potentiellement |
| experiment nom | /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ | expérience |
| poll nom | /poʊl/ | sondage |
| infection nom | /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/ | infection |
| reward nom | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | récompense, salaire |
| painful adjectif | /ˈpeɪn.fl̩/ | douloureux |
| tissue nom | /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ | tissu |
| rely verbe | /ɹɪˈlaɪ/ | compter sur |
| vessel nom | /ˈvɛsəl/ | vaisseau |
| bias nom | /ˈbaɪ.əs/ | préjugé, parti-pris |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| speed up verbe | /spiːdˈʌp/ | accélérer |
| break down verbe | tomber en panne |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 8 contractions et formes réduites, comme aren't, they're, can't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: lather /ˈlæð.ɚ/, slather /ˈslæðə(ɹ)/, soothe /suːð/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ɹi/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪ̯ʃən/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme heal, substance, inflammatory.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have shown · have been conducted · have found |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | those who used · anyone who slathers |
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.